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1、AmericanRomanticism(1820-1860)Asaliterarytrendormovement,Romanticism,occurredanddevelopedinEurope&Americaattheturnofthe18th&19thcenturiesunderthehistoricalbackgroundoftheIndustrialRevolutionaround1760&theFrenchRevolution(1772-1829).Romanticismmarkedthereactioninliterature,philosophy,art,religion,
2、andpolitiesfromtheNeoclassicism（新古典主义）andformalorthodoxy（正统学说）ofthepast.RomanticismTheterm,Romantic,asadesignationforaschoolofliteratureopposedtotheClassicwasfirstusedbytheGermancriticFriedrichSchlegel(1772-1829)atthebeginningofthe19thcentury.RomanticAttitudesStressingindividual&creativefunctiono
3、fimagination.Placingindividualattheverycenterofalllifeandallexperienceandatthecenterofart.TimeRangeFromtheendofthe18thcenturythroughtheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.SocialBackgroundIndustrial&urbansociety---Economicboom:1.Industrialismoptimism2.Immigrationàandhope3.WestwardexpansionamongpeopleCharacteris
4、tics1.Arebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism2.Thefeelings,intuitions(直觉），emotionsmoreimportantthanreason&commonsense.3.Believingtheworldasaliving,breathingbeing:thecloserelationshipbetweenman&nature;natureasarevelationoftruth,livinggarmentofGod,suitablesubjectfortrueart.4.Emphasizingindivid
5、ualism:individualagainstgroup,authority;emphasizingpersonalfreedom&freedomfromformalism(形式主义）&tradition.5.Affirmingtheinnerlifeoftheself:eachpersonfreetodevelop&expressowninnerthoughts.6.Cherishingstronginterestinthepast,esp.themedieval（中世纪）7.Attractedbythewild,irregular,indefinite,remote,mysteri
6、ous&thestrange8.Interestedinvariety:typicalformsofRomanticism–ballad(民谣，通俗叙事诗歌）,lyric（抒情诗）,sentimentalcomedy,problemnovel,historicalnovel,gothicromance,criticalessay9.Culturalnationalism–nationalliterature10.Ceasedtobeprimarilydidactic(说教）SpecialFeaturesAmericanRomanticismwasbothimitativeandindep
7、endent.Imitative:EnglishandEuropeanRomanticistsIdeasinheritedfromtheromantictraditionsofEurope--HistoricalromancesbyEuropeans,esp.SirWalterScott,“themonarch&masterofmodernfiction”Themes:home,family,nature,childrenandid
