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1、WaltWhitmanOneofthegreatinnovatorsinAmericanliteratureHegaveAmericaitsfirstgenuineepicpoem:LeavesofGrassLifeBornonMay31,1819,WaltWhitmanwasthesecondsonofWalterWhitman,ahouse-builder,andLouisaVanVelsor.AttheageoftwelveWhitmanbegantolearntheprinter'strade,andfellinlovewiththewrittenw
2、ord.Largelyself-taught,hereadvoraciously,becomingacquaintedwiththeworksofHomer,Dante,Shakespeare,andtheBible.In1836,attheageof17,hebeganhiscareerasteacherintheone-roomschoolhousesofLongIsland.Hecontinuedtoteachuntil1841,whenheturnedtojournalismasafull-timecareer.Inthefallof1848,hef
3、oundeda"freesoil"newspaper,theBrooklynFreeman,andcontinuedtodeveloptheuniquestyleofpoetrythatlatersoastonishedRalphWaldoEmerson.In1855,WhitmantookoutacopyrightonthefirsteditionofLeavesofGrass,whichconsistedoftwelveuntitledpoemsandapreface.Hepublishedthevolumehimself,andsentacopytoE
4、mersoninJulyof1855.Whitmanreleasedasecondeditionofthebookin1856,containingthirty-threepoems,aletterfromEmersonpraisingthefirstedition,andalongopenletterbyWhitmaninresponse.Whitmanstruggledtosupporthimselfthroughmostofhislife.InWashingtonhelivedonaclerk'ssalaryandmodestroyalties,and
5、spentanyexcessmoney,includinggiftsfromfriends,tobuysuppliesforthepatientshenursedHehadalsobeensendingmoneytohiswidowedmotherandaninvalidbrother.FromtimetotimewritersbothinthestatesandinEnglandsenthim"purses"ofmoneysothathecouldgetby.Intheearly1870s,WhitmansettledinCamden,wherehehad
6、cometovisithisdyingmotherathisbrother'shouse.Aftersufferingastroke,WhitmanfounditimpossibletoreturntoWashington.Hestayedwithhisbrotheruntilthe1882publicationofLeavesofGrassgaveWhitmanenoughmoneytobuyahomeinCamden.Inthesimpletwo-storyclapboard（装有护墙板的）house,Whitmanspenthisdecliningye
7、arsworkingonadditionsandrevisionstoaneweditionofthebookandpreparinghisfinalvolumeofpoemsandprose,Good-Bye,MyFancy(1891).AfterhisdeathonMarch26,1892,WhitmanwasburiedinatombhedesignedandhadbuiltonalotinHarleighCemetery.WorksPoetryDrumTaps(1865)Good-Bye,MyFancy(1891)LeavesofGrass(1855
8、)LeavesofGrass(1856)Leaves
