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1、ED./PSYCH.LIB.P221J21fcop,JAKOBSONFUNDAMENTALSOFLANGUAGETHELIBRARYOFTHEUNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIALOSANGELES:cl/Psych.ib.ROMANJAKOBSONANDMORRISHALLEOFundamentalsofLanguageMOUTON&CO-'S-GRAVENHAGE';!?TFUNDAMENTALSOFLANGUAGEJANUALINGUARUMSTUDIAMEMORIAENICOLAIVANWIJKDEDICATAcdendacuratCORNELISH
2、.VANSCHOONEVELDLEIDENNR.l1956MOUTONi&CO•S-GRAVENHAGEFUNDAMENTALSOFLANGUAGE//byROMANj£AKOBSONHARVARDUNIVERSITYandMORRISHALLEMASSACHUSETTSINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY1956MOUTON&CO•'S-GRAVENHAGEPrintedintheNetherlandsbyMouton&Co.,Printers,TheHagueLioraryFOREWORDTheGateofLanguages(Janualinguarum)
3、isindeedanappropriatetitleforaseriesofessaysseekingthekeytothelawsthatgovernlanguageanditsrelationshipwithothersocialinstitutions.Thisnameappealstome,moreover,asalinkthatconnectsthemodernsearchwiththewritingsofJohannAmosComenius,thegreathumanistthinkerinthescienceoflanguage.Hisworks,li
4、kemanyGreekandLatintreatisesfromtheStoatotheCartesianepoch,carrynumerousfruitfulideaswhichnowagaincapturetheattentionoflinguists.Thetitleoftheseriesrefers,furthermore,totherecentpastofourscience.NicolaasvanWijk,whosenameheadsthissetofessays,wasoneoftheoutstandingpioneersintheinquiryint
5、othestructureoflanguageandintotheprinciplesofitsevolution.ThesubtitleofhisbookPhonologie-"eenhoofdstukuitdestructureletaalweten-schap"(achapterofstructurallinguistics)-maybeappliedtohiswholelife'swork.In1902,asatwenty-twoyearoldstudentatLeipzig,heofferedaboldcontribution'ZurrelativenCh
6、ronologicderurgermanischenLautgesetze',publishedinPaul-BrauneJ?e//rflgezurGeschichtederdeutschenSpracheundLiteratur,XXVIII,inwhichhedisplaysaclearinsightintothecoherenceofsoundpatternsandtheirmutations,andsometwentyyearslaterhetookupandelaboratedtheseviewsinhisfirstoriginalworkincompar
7、ativephonology,'EenphonologieseparalleltussenGermaans,SlavicsenBaltics',MededeelingenderKoninklijkeAkademievanWeten-schappen,Afd.Letterkunde,deel77-79,serieA(1934-5).VanWijk,andtherelieshismainstrength,neversacrificedthemanifoldempiricaldatainfavorofaspeculativetheory,nordidhisamazin
