英汉翻译之转换法.ppt

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1、英汉翻译之转换法杂议一，词类转换：经典译例：ThegrowingawarenessbymillionsofAfricansoftheirextremelypoorandbackwardlivingconditionshaspromptedthemtotakeresolutemeasuresandcreatenewones.数以百万计的非洲人对于他们非常落后的生活条件的日益觉醒促使他们采取坚决的措施，创造新的生活条件。数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这就促使他们奋起采取坚决措施去创建新的生活条件。Josephbeheldmystyleofcookerywithgro

2、wingindignation.我这种做饭的方式叫约瑟夫越看越冒火了。Theturningpointofmylifewasmydecisiontogiveuppromisingbusinesscareerandstudymusic.我的生活转折点是我决定：不再做生财有望的商人而专攻音乐。Ononethingcriticsandfansagree:WickisanauthenticAmericansuccessstory.无论是批评家还是拥护者，有一个一致的看法，即威克很能说明美国人是如何起家的。？Hiswifehaddoneeverythingpossibletomotherhim.妻子竭

3、尽全力，像母亲一样照顾他。Thenovelsatirizesthemarriageofconvenience.这部小说是对建立在利害关系基础上的婚姻的讽刺。Withunemploymenthigh,thedollarlowandthestockmarketindistress,theeconomywillbethePresident’ssternesttrial.失业增多，美元贬值，股票市场不景气，经济问题将成为总统面临的最严峻的考验。EveryBritishcitizenwhoisemployed(orself-employed)isobligedtopayaweeklycontribu

4、tiontothenationalinsuranceandhealthschemes.Itsaimistoensurethatapersonwhoisoutofworkshallreceiveaweeklysumofmoneytosubsiston.EveryEnglishmanhassomeknowledge,howeverslight,oftheworkofourgreatestwriter.MostofususeaboutfivethousandwordsinournormalemploymentofEnglish.Amiserischaracterizedbygreed.Inthi

5、scountry,populationhasgrownbothasaresultofnaturalincreaseandofcontinuedimmigration.Hisadvisorsrecommendedlowertaxesandhighergovernmentspending.Theexperimenthasnotworkedverywell.Thetwopartnersthinkdifferently.二，语态转换：一般说来，凡以“bysomebody”表明动作执行者的被动句，可借助汉语里表示被动意义的词如“被”“由”“受”“给”等译成被动句。Thepublicschoolsar

6、eadministratedbylocalschoolboards---groupsofpeopleelectedbythevoters.Actually,agreatdealofthepresident’spoweriscontrolledbytheCongress.BlackpeoplewerefirstbroughttoAmericafromAfricaassalves.Manycollagesanduniversitiesareprivatelysupported.由于汉语较少使用被动句形式，因此按照汉语表达习惯，英语被动句往往译成含“被动意义”的主动句形式，即不使用表示被动意义的

7、词和结构。TheUnitedStateshaslongbeenknownasa“meltingpot”.美国历来以“民族熔炉”著称。Almosteverykindofclimatescanbefound,butthecontinentliesmostlyinthetemperatezone.Theboarddecideshowschoolfundsaretobeallocated,andhassomevoiceinest