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1、ChapterThreeMorphologyI.Word1ThedefinitionofWord2Threesensesof“WORD”3IdentificationofWords4ClassificationofWordsII.Morphology▲★1Thedefinitionofmorphology2Thebasicunitofmorphology----Morpheme2.1Thedefinitionofmorpheme2.2Typesofmorpheme2.3Morpheme,phoneme,sememe,morph,allom
2、orph3ClassificationofmorphologyIII.Lexicalchange▲1.Lexicalchangeproper2.Lexicalchangeaspects2.1Phonologicalchange2.2Morphosyntacticchange2.3Semanticchange2.4OrthographicchangeIV.ExercisestoChapterThreeI.Word1ThedefinitionofWordAunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuitiverec
3、ognitionbynativespeakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.2Threesensesof“WORD”1)Aphysicalunit:aclusterofsoundsegmentsorlettersbetweentwopausesorblanksPhonological:[itizˊwʌndəful]Orthographic:Itiswonderful.2)Wordbothasageneraltermandasaspecifictermwalk,walks,walki
4、ng,walkedageneralterm:aspecificterm:3)Agrammaticalunit:sentenceàclauseàphrase/wordgroupàwordàmorpheme3IdentificationofWords1)Stabilitychairmanbutnot*manchair2)Relativeuninterruptibility:disappointment*disinterestappointment.3)Aminimumfreeform:thesmallestunitthatcanconstit
5、uteacompleteutterancebyitself--IsJanecomingtonight?--Possibly.Hi.Wonderful.----Whichletterismissedoutin“thng”.----I.4ClassificationofWords1)Variablevs.InvariableWordsVariablewords:write,writes,writing,wrote,written;cat,cats.Invariablewords:since,when,seldom,through,etc.2)
6、Grammaticalvs.LexicalWordsGrammatical/Functionwords:conjunctions,prepositions,articles,pronouns.Lexical/Contentwords:nouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs.3)Closed-classvs.Open-classWordsClosed-classwords:Newmemberscannotnormallybeadded,egpronouns,prepositions,conjunctions,artic
7、les,auxiliaries.Open-classwords:Newmemberscanbeadded,egnouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbs.4)WordclassNoun,verb,adjective,adverb,preposition,pronoun,conjunction,interjection,article,etc.Somenewtermsinwordclass:Particle:infinitiveto,negativenot,subordinateunitsinphrasalverbs
8、“getby”,“lookback”,etc.Auxiliary:do,haveModalverbs:can,will,may,must,etc.Pro-forms:substitutesfo
