2013牛津译林版必修五unit 3《science versus nature》word学案

《2013牛津译林版必修五unit 3《science versus nature》word学案》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

Unit3《Scienceandnature》（2012译林版必修5）一、知识复习11.Ontheotherhand,somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo,youcanproducevaluablehumantissues---suchasboneorlungtissue—thatcouldbeusedtosavehumanlives.Ontheotherhand,manypeople,includingsomescientists,disagreeandareafraidthat,ifmankindtoyswithnatureinthisway,wemaybeonourwaytoproducingareal-lifeFrankenstein’smonster.(1)on(the)onehand…ontheotherhand…一方面…另一方面…Ononehand,rapiddevelopmentoftheeconomywillimprovethelivingconditionsofpeople.Ontheotherhand,itwillspeedupenvironmentaldestruction.(短语)athand在手边，在附近byhand用手；亲手inhand手头现有的，正在进行，在处理中handin交上来handout分发handover移交handdown把…传下去handinhand手拉手(2)pointat，pointto和pointout的意思都与“指”有关，但还是有一定区别。pointat习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，意为“指着”，at是介词，着重于指的对象。pointto多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to也是介词，着重于指的方向。pointat可分开使用，point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，at表示方向，而pointto却没有这种用法，但它还表示“显示、说明”的意思。pointout表示的是给某人指示方向，要点或错误等，意为“指出”，out是副词。根据句意，用pointat，pointto或pointout的适当形式填空。1.Theteacherispointingat/tothemaponthewall.2.Boththehourhandandtheminutehandpointtotwelve.Itwasnoon.3..Canyoupointoutthemanyoususpect?4.Alltheevidencepointstohisguilt.5.Theypointedtheirgunsatherheadbutshewasnotafraid.Onthepointofdoingsthwhen正要做某事。。。突然tothepoint击中要害aturningpoint转折点explain…pointbypoint逐点解释(3)toywith玩弄；不认真对待她指责那个年轻人玩弄她的感情。Sheaccusedtheyoungmanoftoyingwithherfeelings.那个小女孩只是把食物拨弄着玩儿，因为她并不饿。Thelittlegirljusttoyedwithherfood,asshewasn’treallyangry.(4)onone’s(the)waytodoingsth.“正在做某事的过程中,即将成功,离…不远了”.to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词短语.1.他即将成为一个导演。Heisonhiswaytobecomingadirector.2.期中考试就要临近了，因此他学习更加刻苦了。Themid-examinationisonitsway,soheisworkingharder.我正在去上学的路上，这时我偶然遇到了我的一位朋友Onthe/mywaytoschool,whenIcameacrossafriendofmine.A.(练习)I’vejustheardawarning______theradiothatastormmaybe____itsway.A.on,onB.over,inC.on,aboveD.from,on复习下列短语：intheway防碍，挡道bytheway顺便问问，顺便说说inaway在某种意义上，在某种程度上bywayof途经innoway决不alltheway一路上；至始至终makewayfor为...腾出地方；让路makeone’swayto(辛苦地)前进2.Instead,hethinksresearcheffortsshouldconcentrateoncreatingnewtissuesandorgansthatcanbeusedtocurediseaseslikecancer.concentrate/focus/fixon/upon集中注意力在…上concentrateone’sattention/energy/efforts/oneselfon/upon把…集中在…上由于外面太吵，我不能集中注意力在学习上。Icouldn’tconcentrateonmystudybecauseoftheloudnoiseoutside. Effortsshouldbeconcentratedonhowtoproducemoreproductstomeettheneedsofpeople.3.However,somepeopleconsiderthatcloninghumanembryoswiththeintentionofdestroyingthemshowsnorespectforhumanlife.intention(n.)目的，打算，意图intend(v.)意欲，打算intended(adj.)打算的，计划的withtheintentionof为了，以…为目的或意图withoutintention没有目的的intendtodosth.想要做某事beintendedtodosth.旨在做某事HewenttoParistolearnFrench.HewenttoPariswiththeintentionoflearningFrench.对不起，我不想伤害你的感情，我只是想告诉你真相。Sorry,Ididn’tintendtohurtyourfeeling;Ijustwantedtotellyouthetruth.这项旨在保护环境活动正在进行中。Thecampaignintendedtoprotectenvironmentisunderway.4.Idon’twanttoadoptsomeoneelse’schild—ifIhadthechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbabyrightnow.adopt“收养，领养”；“采用”Manyfamilieshavetoadoptchildrenbecausetheycannothaveababyoftheirown.领养小孩Theyadopteddifferentmethodstotrytosolvetheproblems.采用不同的方法IfIhadmet(meet)himyesterday,Iwouldhavetold(tell)himaboutit.Shoulditrain(rain)tomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.【语言点】①adopt(vt.)收养，领养；采用，采纳（议案、意见等）Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion.(总经理再三考虑之后,决定采纳她的建议。)Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.(克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。)【拓展提升】adoptmeasures/anidea采取措施/采纳意见anadoptedson养子②IfIhad……,Iwouldhaveacloned….本句采用了虚拟语气.If引导的虚拟语气句型总结如下：对现在的虚拟：if从句谓语动词使用过去式，主句谓语使用would/should/could+原型对过去的虚拟：if从句谓语使用过去完成式，主句谓语使用would/should/could+完成式对将来的虚拟：if从句谓语使用过去式/weretodo/should+原型，主句谓语使用would/should/could+原型例句：IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyahousewithbeautifulgarden.IfIhadfollowedmyteacher’sadvice,Iwouldhavepassedthisexam.IfIweretogotoLondon,IcouldhaveawalkinthecampusofCambridgeUniversity.1.Ifmylawyer___herelastSunday,he___mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;preventD.were;wouldhaveprevented2..Ifit______tomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittoYangpuBridge.A.wererainingB.shouldrainC.wouldrainD.willrain5.Whilecloninghumanembryosisnotlegalinmanycountries,somescientistsarealreadypushingaheadwithresearchinordertoproduceaclonedhumanbaby.(1)while:conj.1)though尽管，虽然;2)when/as…的时候;3)而虽然我理解你所说的,但我不同意你的观点.ThoughIunderstandwhatyousaid,Ican'tagreewithyou母亲在做饭我在看电视.MotherwascookingwhileIwaswatchingTV.B.Idoeverysinglebitofhousework________myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.asA.Wethoughttherewere35studentsinthedininghall,_____,infact,therewere40.A.whileB.whetherC.whatD.whichD._____Englishcanbedifficulttolearn,itisaveryusefultoolforcommunication.A.BecauseB.AsC.OnceD.While(2)pushaheadwith推进，推行 这样不得人心的政策是很难推行下去的。Itishardtopushaheadwithsuchanunpopularpolicy.6.Chinahassucceededinproducingclonesofcowsandgoats,andcontinuestoresearchwaysinwhichcloningcanbenefitmankind.(1)succeedindoingsth成功做某事Hesucceededinturningtobeingabusinessman.=Hemanagedtoturntobeingabusinessman.(2)benefit(n.)利益，好处；(vt.)使…受益(词组)beofbenefitto=bebeneficialto对…有裨益forthebenefitof…为了…的利益benefitsb./sth.有益于某人/某物benefitfrom/by从…中获益ItissaidYogaisofgreatbenefittohealth.=ItissaidYogaisverybeneficialtohealth.这种愚蠢的行为对你没有好处。（benefitsb）Thisfoolishbehaviourdidn’tbenefityou.许多学生都得益于这本好字典。（benefitfrom/by）Manystudentshavebenefitedfrom/bythisgooddictionaryalot.7.Iwouldliketocommentonyourarticle‘Theperfectcopy’.comment(n.&vi.)评论，评注make(acomment)commentson/uponsb./sth.=commenton/uponsb./sth.评论某人（某事）Hemadeseveralcommentsonthebook.Wewouldliketheaudiencetocommentonournewplay.8．Onapersonalnote,cloningwouldtotallytransformmylife.ona…note“以…语气，以…论调”Heendedhisspeechtohisemployeesonahumorousnote.(用幽默的语气)Onamoreseriousnote(以更加严肃的语气),themanagermentionedtheaccidentlastmonth.9.【原句回放】Afterall,scientistshavebeenchallengingmoralideasforcenturies.Whyshouldwestopthemnow?【语言点】why(how/who/what)shouldsb./sth.do表拒绝﹑恼怒或惊讶HowshouldIknowwhereyou’veputit?___________________________________WhyshouldIhelphim?He’ssomean.______________________________________10.【原句回放】Sevenyearsago,my10-year-olddaughterdiedofheartfailure.【语言点】die不及物动词死。dieof:因…而死(多内因)diefrom因…而死（多外因）diedown/away/out逐渐消失/（风，声音）逐渐减弱，消失/熄灭，灭绝dead形容词死亡的death名词死亡deadly形容词---致命的副词---死一般地，非常11.【原句回放】Scientistshaveannouncedthattheyhaveclonedthefirsthumanembryo.Thishascausedmuchdebatearoundtheworld.【语言点】announce（vt.）宣告，通知，声明announcement(n.)宣告，通知，声明announce指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布；declare指官方的正式宣告Everyonewassilentasheannouncedthewinnerofthecompetition.Thispowerfulcountrydeclared_waronthatsmallcountry.巩固练习 一、根据句意及中文提示写出所缺单词的完全形式二、译出下列短语1.ononehand,ontheotherhand___________2.toywith___________3.onone’swaytodoing___________4.thefirstmammaltobecloned___________5.bepraisedfor___________6.withtheintentionof___________7.showrespectfor___________8.beanxioustodosth.___________9.pushaheadwith___________10.forsale___________11.acroptobeharvested___________12.commenton___________13.incompleteagreementwith___________14.onapersonalnote___________15.dieofheartfailure___________16.beburntout___________17.followinone’sfootsteps___________18.conductasurvey___________19.themajorityofpeople___________20.insummary___________21.take…intoconsideration___________22.infavorof___________23.pointofviewof___________24.meetone’sneeds___________25.naturalresources___________26.atafastpace___________27.beopenedupto___________28.belimitedto___________29.asto___________30.foodchain___________三完型填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Thewomanwaswatchingtheincident.11thedriverandtheconductorraisedtheirvoicesattheoldman,sheinterfered(干预).“Stop12him!Can’tyouseehe’sonlytryingtogethome?”“Hedoesn’thaveanymoney!”thedriver13.“Well,that’sno14tothrowhimoffthebus,”sheinsisted.Thenshereachedinsideherblouse,tookouther15money,andhandedittotheconductor.“Here’shisfareandmine.Juststopgivinghima16time.”Allheadsturnedtothewoman.“It’sonlymoney,”sheshrugged.Sherodetherestofthewayhome17ahappysmile,withthemoneyshe’dlostearlier18.Ontheroadoflife,thehelpofstrangerscan19ourloadsandliftourspirits.Howmuchsweeterthe20willbewhenwemakeitalittlesmootherforothers!9.A.beggedB.scoldedC.praisedD.thanked10.A.requestB.actionC.suggestionD.command11.A.UnlessB.AlthoughC.UntilD.When12.A.attackingB.botheringC.blamingD.wronging13.A.warnedB.whisperedC.shoutedD.repeated14.A.problemB.needC.matterD.reason四阅读理解请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AIarrivedatmymother’shomeforourMondayfamilydinner.Thesmellsoffoodflewoverfromthekitchen.Motherwaspullingoutquilt(被子)afterquiltfromtheboxes,proudlyshowingmetheirbeauties.ShewaspreparingforaquiltshowattheElmhurstChurch.Whenwebegantofoldandputthembackintotheboxes,Inoticedsomethingatthebottomofonebox.Ipulleditout. “Whatisthis?”Iasked.“Oh?”Momsaid,“That’sMama’squilt.”Ispreadthequilt.Itlookedasifagroupofschoolchildrenhadpiecedittogether;irregulardesigns,childishpictures,acrookedlineontheright.“Grandmothermadethis?”Isaid,surprised.Mygrandmotherwasamasteratmakingquilts.Thiscertainlydidn’tlooklikeanyofthequiltsshehadmade.“Yes,rightbeforeshedied.Ibroughtithomewithmelastyearandmadesomechanges,”shesaid.“I’mstillworkingonit.See,thisiswhatI’vedonesofar.”Ilookedatitmoreclosely.Shehadmadestraightacrookedline.Atthecenterofthequilt,shehadstitched(缝)apieceofclothwiththesewords:“Mymothermademanyquilts.Shedidn’tgetalllinesstraight.ButIthinkthisisbeautiful.Iwanttoseeitfinished,herlastquilt.”“Oh,thisissonice,Mom,”Isaid.Itoccurredtomethatbycompletingmygrandmother’squilt,mymotherwashonoringherownmother.Irealized,too,thatIheldinmyhandsafamilytreasure.Itstartedwiththelovinghandsofonewoman,andcontinuedwiththelovinghandsofanother.BWhileallmyclassmatesseemtobecrazyaboutaone-waytickettoMars(火星),I’drathersayMarsistotallyunsuitableforhumanexistence.Peoplewon’thaveenoughfoodsuppliesthere,andtheterribleenvironmentwouldmakeitimpossibleforthemtolivealonglife.Besides,thejourneywon’tbesafe.CananybodyexplaintomejustwhypeoplewouldgotoMars,nevertoreturn?SteveMinear,UKHerearethethingsyoucanthinkof:thedesiretoexploreaforeignanduniqueenvironment,theexcitementofbeingthefirsthumanstoopenupanewworld,theexpectationoffameandglory…Forscientiststhereisanotherreason.Theirobservationsandresearchwillprobablyleadtogreatscientificachievements. PaulDavies.USA5.ThemainpurposeofSteveMinear’swritingis.A.toreporthisclassmates’discussionB.toinviteananswertohisquestionC.toexplainthenaturalstateofMarsD.toshowhisagreementongoingtoMars6.WhichofthefollowingbeststatesDonalTrollop’sidea?A.ThereisaplantosendhumanstoMars.B.TherearemanyreasonsforgoingtoMars.C.ScientistsbecomefamousbydoingresearchonMars.D.ItispossibletobuildanEarth-likeenvironmentonMars.参考答案一、根据句意及中文提示写出所缺单词的完全形式1.intention2.comment3.anxiety4.adopt5.physician6.agriculture7.consideration8.confirmed9.profits10.permission二、译出下列短语（一）完型填空 6.C从该句“shestoppedcrying,butstilllooked…”可以得出答案。7.A从“Whenshecametoanoldmaninworn-outclothes,he……thathehadspentallhismoneywhenhehadaccidentallygotonawrongbusandnowhewastryingtogohome.”中可以看出，“老人在向售票员解释他为什么没有钱买票。”8.A售票员一听，就要求老人下车。"ordertheoldmantogetoffthebus”命令老人下车。9.A从上下文“老人没钱想坐车回家而售票员却要求他下车”,于是老人"begsbtodosth”恳求……干……（二）阅读理解ACACDBBBAC5.B此题为写作目的的归纳。从CananybodyexplaintomejustwhypeoplewouldgotoMars,nevertoreturn?不难得出答案B. 6.B此题为归纳大意试题。从Herearethethings…thedesiretoexplore…,theexcitement…,theexpectation…Forscientiststhereisanotherreason.可以得出答案为B.7.A此题为细节判断。从PaulDavies所说的第一段中Itwillhappenwhenpeoplefinallyrealizethattwo-waytripstotheredplanetMarsareunnecessary.可以判断出答案为A.不少同学误选C，文中相关内容cuttingthetriphomewouldthereforereducethedangerofaccidents,savealotofmoney说的是减去回程的旅程会减少危险节省钱，此句是作为一个论据来为A所说的那个论点服务的。8.C此题为细节判断。从PaulDavies所说的第二段中Marshasallthematerialsforacolonytoproduceormakeeverythingitneeds可以判断出答案为C。Unit3《Scienceandnature》（2012新译林版必修5）一知识复习2Verb-edform一、V-ed分词具有形容词和副词性质，在句中可充当定语、表语、宾语补语、状语。1．作定语过去分词作定语，表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态,但不及物动词构成的过去分词只表示完成，而不表示被动意义。例如：完成+被动：apollutedriveralockedroomawell-educatedman只有完成：aretiredworkerafallenleafboiledwater作定语的V-ed分词也有前置和后置两种情况。单个过去分词作定语，常常位于被修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于被修饰的名词后面，相当于一个定语从句。 Eg.1).Youshouldimproveyourspoken(speak)English.2).What’sthelanguagespoken(speak)inthatarea?=.What’sthelanguagewhich/thatisspoken(speak)inthatarea?3).Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.=Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhowastrappedinthefire.4).Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.=Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.2．作表语作表语的V-ed分词大多转化成为形容词，通常用于联系动词之后（例如be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become,get等），表示主语所处的状态1).Edisonbecameinterested(interest)insciencewhenhewasveryyoung.2).Shelooksveryexcited(excite)atthenews.3).WhenIwascleaningthewindow,myfingergotcut(cut)unexpectedly.3．作宾语补足语如果宾语与后面作宾补的动词构成被动关系，则使用V-ed分词作宾补。可以带V-ed分词作宾补的词有：with,see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel,sense,find,leave,keep,get,have,make.1).Ihadmymoneystolen(steal)onthebus.2).AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood(understand).3).Inthemorning,peoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged(change).4．作状语作状语的V-ed分词与主句之间常有逗号隔开,在句中可表示时间,原因,条件,让步,伴随等情况,并可转化为相应的状语从句。作状语的V-ed和主句的主语常有被动关系。1)时间状语Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.=Whentheearthisseenfromspace,itlooksblue.Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.=Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.2)原因状语Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.=Ashewasbornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.Becausetheyweremovedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.=Movedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.3)条件状语Givenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.=Ifwearegivenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.Comparedwithotherprofessors,sheisanexcellentspeaker.=.4)让步状语Laughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.=Thoughhewaslaughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.Eventhoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.=Defeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.5)伴随状语Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.=Theboysatatthetableandhewasburiedinhishomework.Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.=Thegirllayinbedandshewaslostinthought.Iwillspendthenightlocked(lock)inyourroom.Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed(disappoint)withthebadservice.二、转化为形容词的V-ed有一些过去分词已转化为形容词,失去被动意义,仅表状态。如:hidden,dressed,lost,seated,determined,absorbed,injured,based,surprised,satisfied,bored,tired…e.gWhatmadeyousofrightened? Thedog,boredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.=Thedog,whichisboredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.=Ashewasmuchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.Seatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.=Whilehewasseatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.三、连词+V-ed过去分词有时和连词(when,while,whenever,until,if,unless,once,though,although，eventhough/if)一起用，相当于状语从句的紧缩式。（注意：before/after后不直接跟V-ed分词，而用before/after＋beingdone,因为此时分词前的before/after是介词。）Ifaccepted(accept)forthispost,youwillbeinformedbyMay1st.Unlesschanged(change),thislawwillmakelifedifficultforfarmers.Iwillnotgiveupmyplaneveniftold(tell)to.Thesemachinesmustbecheckedbeforebeingused(use).四、tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone作定语的区别：以上四种形式都表示被动，都可作定语。tobedone表示即将被…;beingdone表示正在被…;done表示被做过了…;havingbeendone作非限制性定语，和被修饰词用逗号隔开,强调在谓语动词的动作之前完成。Thequestiontobediscussed(discuss)tomorrowinvolvespollution.Thequestiondiscussed(discuss)yesterdayinvolvespollution.Thequestionbeingdiscussed(discuss)nowinvolvespollution.Thequestion,havingbeendiscussed(discuss)foryears,involvespollution.五、done,havingbeendone作状语的区别：beingdone一般在句中不作状语,而用done代替之。havingbeendone强调动作在谓语动作之前完成,或已经持续一段时间的动作,常用作时间和原因状语,done则不强调时间先后和持续一段时间。Led(lead)bythelocalguide,wewentfurtherintotheforest.Havingbeentaken(take)goodcareofforhalfayear,thepatientbecamefarbetter.Havingbeentranslated(translate)intomanylanguages,thenoveliswell-knownthroughouttheworld.二重点归纳1.Noteverythingthatisbestfornatureisgoodforpeople.句中that引导定语从句，修饰everything。否定词not出现在含有all,both,everything,everyone以及every+名词的句中表示部分否定，not可位于这些词的前面，也可以位于他们后面。e.g.Notbothofthemhavereadthisbook.=Bothofthemhaven’treadthisbook.Allbamboodoesn’tgrowwell.=Notallbamboogrowswell.Noteverythingthatisbestfornatureisgoodforpeople.=Everythingthatisbestfornatureisnotgoodforpeople.2．Wouldanyonesaythatdevelopmentshouldbestoppedinfavorofnature?infavourof:有利于，赞同（接名词、代词和动名词）askafavourof请某人帮忙dosb.afavour=doafavourforsb.帮某人一个忙我们赞成这个建议。Weareinfavorofthissuggestion..我和朋友谈过，他完全赞同放弃这个计划。Italkedtomyfriendaboutit,andheisallinfavorofgivinguptheplan.3．Shouldtheybeblamedfordestroyinghundredsofthousandsofacresofrainforestifitmeansabetterincomefortheirpeople?blamev.&n.blame…for…因为某事责备某人blamesth.on把某事归咎于某人sb.betoblame(forsth.)=sb.shouldbeblamed(forsth.)某人因受责备Sheblamedhisfailureonhercarelessness.Shedidn’tblameanyoneforthemistake. A.Whois________thefire?A.toblameforstartingB.toblametostartC.tobeblamedforstartingD.tobeblamedtostart4．Nowhereisthistruerthanwithgeneticallymodifiedfood.本句为倒装句，nowhere…truer…是比较级的形式，表示最高级的意义。我们班没有人比他学习更用功。Nooneinmyclassworksharderthanhim.当时我找不到一个可以帮助我的人。NowherecouldIfindapersontohelpmeatthattime.5.Researchhasbeenlimitedtoincreasingproductionprofits,ratherthanmakingsure—thatGMfoodsaresafe.belimitedto+n/doing局限于schoolEducationshouldnotbelimitedtogaining(gain)knowledgeonly.limitn.限度；限制theagelimit年龄限制thespeedlimit速度限制gobeyond/overthelimit超过限度withinthelimitsof在。。。范围内巩固练习（一）单词拼写1.Ithoughtthatthewhole(概念)ofcloningwasnotmoral.2.Therearemany(现实生活中的)problemswiththematter.3.Hediedasa（结果)ofthetrafficaccident.4.Exposedto___(辐射)formanyyears,MadamCuriediedofadiseasewhichisrelatedtoit.5.The(原先的)ownerofthehousehasmovedout.6.Accordingtothesurvey(实施)lastweek,morethanhalfcollegestudentsadmittedhavingconsumedalcoholicdrinks.7.Iamafraidthattheboygot(害怕的）whenhearingthesuddenloudthunder.8.However,manypoorernationsmust_______(集中注意力于)ontheeverydayneedsoftheirpeople.9.IfwefurtherdamagetheEarth,itmaycausea_________(灾难).10.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,new________(隧道，航道)arebeingbuilt.（二）单项填空5.__________modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetinto,thegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand.A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.If （三）根据方框内所给短语的适当形式完成句子Apushaheadwith,pointout,onthewaytodoingsth,toywith,forsale,ingeneral,asawhole,incompleteagreementwith,1.I’mwell_________completingthereport.2.Hewasalwaysverykeento__________mymistakes.3.Thehouse_________belongstoMr.Smith.4.___________,youalwayshavebetterideasthanme.5.Itishardto______________suchanunhappypolicy.6.Shejust___________herfood,asshewasn’treallyhungry.7.Onthisone,Ifindmyself__________________manyofthepresident'sownparty.8.Economicgrowthfor2008__________islikelytoexceed6%Bturnout,hesitatetodosth,beconcernedabout,meetone’sneedsatafastpace,useup,haveeffectson,afterall1.Itis________thecustomers’________thathasmadechainstoressopopularinbigcitiesinChina.2.Itisnecessaryforthegovernmentto________thegrowthoftheyoungergeneration.3.Don’tgetdiscouragedbysetbacks,wearenewtothework________.4.Themancallinghimselfamanagertobeamurderer.5.Weareatyourservice.Don’t________turntousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.6.—Tom,wouldyoupleaselendmesomepaper?—Sorry,mine________.7.Indoingso,humanbeingsaredamagingtheearth________,whichwillposeagreatthreattotheexistenceofus.8.Youcan’timaginewhat________theGMmaterialmight________thefoodchain.（四）语法填空（用所给动词的适当形式填空）（三）任务型阅读请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格的空格处里填人最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格填1个单词。 Inspiteofcommonpractice,itishardtoconcludethatmodernsocietyisbuiltongreedandselfishness,bothofwhicharenotnewlyinventedvocabulary.Inancienttimespeoplealsodidgreedyandselfishthingsthoughsuchbehaviorsweremorecondemnedthen.Butwecannotignorethefactthatpeopleinthepastlivedarelativelymoreisolatedlifeandfacedlesspressurecomparedwiththeirmoderncounterparts.Arewehappiertosharewithothersandbegeneroustothem?Thereisnofixedanswereither.Somepeopletakegreatpleasurehelpingandgivingtootherswhileothersfeelhappydoingtheopposite.ButIpersonallythinkthatpeopleshouldnotbetooselfish.Caringforotherscanactuallyencouragethedevelopmentofamutuallybeneficialrelationship.Inconclusion,modernpeopleappeartobemoreself-centeredthanthoseinthepastduetostrongoutsidepressure.However,weshouldencouragepeopletoknowtheimportanceofbeingcaringandgenerousandtobuildamutuallybeneficialrelationshipwithothers.AreModernPeopleBecomingMoreSelfish?MaincomparisonsContexts1_______arechangingInthepastpeopleputcaring,sharingandgenerosityinthefirst2______.Nowadays,peopleseemtobemore3_______aboutthemselves.4_______arechangingtoo.Peopleinthepastappearedtobemodestandself-effacing(谦让的).Peoplemaystrivetoachievetheirown5_______atthepriceoftheircoworkers.Theauthor’sunderstanding6________forthechangesinauthor’seyesFierce7________andgreat8________onmodernpeoplemayberesponsibleforthechanges.Theauthor’s9________towardstopicArelationshipwhichcan10_______twosidesshouldbeestablished.（四）书面表达众所周知，每个人都希望能保持一份好心情对我们的学习和工作非常重要。因此，如何保持一份好心情也是大家关心的话题。根据下面的提示和要求写一篇英文演讲稿，就如何保持好心情谈谈你的看法。保持好心情的原因如何保持一份好心情 促进工作和学习，提高生活质量有利于身心健康……保持幽默感拥有广泛的兴趣爱好为人友好，多与人分享乐趣……注意：1.词数：150左右2.文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Goodmorning,everyone! Thetopicofmyspeechtodayis“Howtokeepagoodmood”._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Inaword,ifwecanfollowtheabovesuggestions,Iamsurewewillhaveagoodstateofmindallthetime. That’sall.Thankyou!参考答案（一）单词拼写1.concept2.real-life3.consequence4.radiation5.original6.conducted7.frightened8.focus9.disaster10.channels（二）单项填空（三）根据方框内所给短语的适当形式完成句子A1.onthewayto2.pointout3.forsale4.Ingeneral5.pushaheadwith6.toyedwith7.incompleteagreementwith8.asawholeB1.meeting,needs2.beconcernedabout3.afterall4.turnedout5.hesitateto6.hasbeenusedup7.atafastpace8.effects,haveon（四）语法填空（用所给动词的适当形式填空）1.cheating2.repairing3.repaired4.calling5.raised6.playing7.Compared8.running9.made10.Lost（三）任务型阅读1.Values2.place3.concerned4.Behaviors5.goals6.Reasons7.competition8.pressure9.attitudes10.benefit （四）书面表达 Unit3　Scienceversusnature学业评价基础篇Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空1．IfIhadthechance，Iwouldhaveacloned(clone)baby.2．Ithinkthescientificadvancesmentioned(mention)inyourarticleareinteresting.3．Aftertherobbery，theyfoundthefrontwindowsbroken(break)．4．Ithinkit'sgoodtodoajobthatyouareinterestedin.Otherwiseyouwillgetbored(bore)．5．AftertheArabstateswontheirindependence，muchattentionwaspaidtodevelopingeducation，withgirlsaswellasboysencouraged(encourage)togotoschool.6．Thesoldierrushedintothecave，hisrighthandholding(hold)agunandhisfacecovered(cover)withsweat.7．Not_having_received(receive)regulartraininginnursing，shecouldhardlycopewiththeworkatfirst.8．Ineedthisarticle(to_be)rewritten(rewrite)beforetomorrow.9．Having_worked(work)oversixhours，Ifeltmuchtired.10．Theplanhaving_been_made(make)，ournextstepishowtocarryitout.Ⅱ.同义转换1．Cloningisproducinganexactcopyofaplantorananimalusingitscells.→Thedefinitionofcloningisproducinganexactcopyofaplantorananimalbyusingitscells.2．However，ingeneralthescientistswerepraisedfortheirwonderfulscientificbreakthrough.→However，ingeneralbecauseoftheirwonderfulscientificbreakthrough，thescientistswerepraised．3．Iamdesperatetohaveachildofmyown.→Iamsoanxioustohavemyownchild.4．IfIhadthechance，Iwouldhaveaclonedbabytomorrow.→HowIwishIcouldhavethechance，sothatIwouldhaveaclonedbabytomorrow.5．Wouldanyonesaythateconomicdevelopmentshouldbestoppedinfavourofnature?→Noonewouldsaythatinordertoprotectthenature，weshouldstopeconomicdevelopment.Ⅲ.完成译文1．我觉得今天能到这里和你们在一起是非常荣幸的。(consider)Iconsideritagreathonortobeherewithyoutoday.2．如果你继续行窃，终归得进监狱。(endup)Ifyoucontinuetosteal，you'llendupinprison.3．专家们坚信这个地区的大量癌症病例与新的核电站有直接的关系。(relate)Expertsbelievethatthelargenumberofcancercasesintheareaaredirectlyrelatedtothenewnuclearpowerstation.4．作者只准备讨论这两个题目。(limit)Theauthorwilllimithimselftodiscussingthesetwotopics.5．经理无法肯定他能否雇到足够的技工。(certain)Themanagerwasnotsurewhetherhecouldemployenoughskilledworkers.Ⅳ.单项填空1．Despitebarriersandhardships，they______theresearchoncloningtissues.A．comeupwithB．catchupwithC．pushaheadwithD．putupwith 答案　C　[句意：尽管遇到重重阻碍和困难，他们毅然进行克隆生物组织的研究。pushaheadwith毅然推进。]2．Inhisvictoryspeech，______beforeahugecrowdofhissupporters，Obamadeclaredthat“changehascometoAmerica”．A．havingdeliveredB．tobedeliveredC．deliveringD．delivered答案　D　[句意：在面向大批支持者发表的获胜演讲中，奥巴马宣称“变革已经来到美国”。根据语意可知，Obama发表演讲是过去的事且speech与deliver存在动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动和完成，相当于“whichwasdelivered”。]3．Soonafterthewar，onefamilywholivedinPennsylvania______meandbroughtmeup.A．hadadoptedB．adoptedC．wouldadoptD．hasadopted答案　B　[句意：战后不久，住在宾夕法尼亚州的一个家庭收养了我并把我养大。adopted与brought并列作句子的谓语。]4．Thetopstudents______attheassemblytodaywereawardedapenandanotebookeach.A．topraiseB．praisedC．beingpraisedD．tobepraised答案　B　[句意：奖励今天在会议上受到表扬的优秀学生每人一支钢笔和一个笔记本。根据句子结构可知空处用作定语，又praise与students之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词，所以选B。]5．Oneshouldtake______ofhisstrengthstomakeupforhisweaknesses.A．advantageB．benefitC．profitD．use答案　A　[句意：一个人应当利用自己的长处弥补自己的短处。weaknesses与strengths呼应。takeadvantageof意为“利用”。]6．Mikeboughtanoldcarcheaply，cleaneditupandsolditata______．A．benefitB．bargainC．profitD．prize答案　C　[句意：Mike廉价地买了一辆旧车，把它清理干净后，卖掉赚了一笔。ataprofit获利地。]7．______，you'llhaveagreaterchanceoffindingasuitablejobifyouhaveeverdonesomeparttimejobs.A．InparticularB．IngeneralC．InsecretD．Insight答案　B　[句意：通常，如果你曾做过一些兼职，就更有可能找到一份合适的工作。ingeneral相当于generallyspeaking，意为“大体上，总的来说”。]8．Anantwasdrinkingbyasmallriverwhenitfellin.Itmade______effortstoreachtheside，butmadenoprogressatall.A．negativeB．totalC．desperateD．careful答案　C　[句意：一只蚂蚁正在河边喝水时，突然掉进河里了，它拼命朝岸边游，但没有取得任何进展。desperate意为“拼命的”。]9．Beijing______inhostingthe2008OlympicGames，whichmadealltheChineseproud.A．succeededB．managedC．resultedD．shared答案　A　[句意：北京成功举办了2008年奥运会，这使所有中国人感到自豪。succeedindoingsth表示“成功做了某事”。]10．TheChinesegovernmentisdevelopingthewestofChina，whichwill______thepeoplethere，especiallythosewhoarestillleadingapoorlife.A．protectB．benefitC．contributeD．affect答案　B　[句意：中国政府正在开发西部，这将会使那里的人受益，尤其是那些仍过着贫苦日子的人们。benefitsb意为“使某人受益”。]11．Thethieftriedtorunawayfromthemarket，buthe______gettingcaughtbythebravepeople.A．gotupB．wentup C．turnedupD．endedup答案　D　[句意：小偷试图从市场逃走，但最后被勇敢的人们抓住了。endupdoingsth“最后以做某事而结束”。]12．Todealwiththeproblemofwatershortages，______watersavingtechnologywillbeintroducedtonewindustrialprojectsinBeijingandShanghai.A．advancingB．advancedC．advanceD．advances答案　B　[句意：为了解决用水短缺的问题，先进的节水技术被引进到北京和上海的新兴工业项目中。advanced意为“先进的”。]13．Mary，don't______allthesoap.Leavemesometowashwith，please.A．putupB．giveupC．makeupD．useup答案　D　[句意：玛丽，不要用光肥皂，留点儿让我洗的时候用。useup“用光”；putup“张贴，举起，建起”；giveup“放弃”；makeup“编造，弥补”。]14．Hebrokethelaw，andnowhemustfacethe______ofhisactions.A．judgementB．moralityC．advancesD．consequences答案　D　[句意：他违法了，现在必须面对自己行动的后果。facetheconsequencesofone'sactions意为“面对某人行动的后果”。]15．Youshould______advicefromyourEnglishteacheronthismatter，Tom.A．waitB．seekC．carryD．put答案　B　[句意：汤姆，你应该向你的英语老师请教这个问题。seekadvice意为“寻求意见，请教”，其它搭配不妥。]能力篇Ⅰ.单项填空1．Youarereallyverykind.I'llneverforgetthe______youhavedonetome.A．favourB．deedC．helpD．kind答案　A　[youhavedonetome是个定语从句，所以空格处是先行词，作动词do的宾语，构成dothefavourtosb词组，故选A。]2．Itiscertainthatthebuildingoftheexpresswaywillbe______tothepeople.A．benefitedB．benefitC．ofbenefitsD．beneficial答案　D　[本题考查bebeneficialto的用法，它也可以用beofbenefitto结构替换。]3．—WhatdidyouthinkoftheconcertgivenbythefamousHongKongsinger?—Notsogood.Infact，it______tobeagreatdisappointment.A．turnedupB．turnedinC．turneddownD．turnedout答案　D　[turnup意为“出现，露面”；turnin意为“上交”；turndown意为“拒绝，把声音关小”；turnout意为“结果是，证明是”。根据题意选D。]4．—Whydothesephotoslookso______？—Thefilmwasnot______intherightway.A．black；washedB．dark；developedC．bad；printedD．wrong；worked答案　B　[第一空所填词表示照片质量的好坏；第二空填developed，意思是“冲洗(胶片)”。]5．—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes，thereisonepoint______wemustinsiston.A．whyB．whereC．howD．不填答案　D　[point在定语从句中作insiston的宾语，关系词可以省略，所以D项正确，不要错选A。]6．Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmore，but______IenjoytheworkI'mdoingatthemoment.A．inotherwordsB．ontheotherhandC．foronethingD．asamatteroffact答案　B　[A项意思是“换句话说”；B项意思是“另一方面”；C项的意思是“一方面”；D项的意思是“事实上”。根据题意，B项正确。]7．We'rejusttryingtoreachapoint______bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A．whereB．thatC．whenD．which 答案　A　[point作定语从句的先行词时，在从句中作状语，用where引导从句。]8．Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas______it.A．infavourofB．inmemoryofC．inhonourofD．insearchof答案　A　[infavourof意为“赞成，同意”；inmemoryof意为“纪念”；inhonourof...意为“向……表示敬意”；insearchof意为“寻找”。从wasagainst(反对)判断空格处要填infavourof表示对比。]9．Allthemoneyhehadwas______，sohehadtomakealivingbybegging.A．usedupB．takenupC．stayedupD．broughtup答案　A　[A项意思是“用完，用光”；B项意思是“占据，从事”；C项意思是“熬夜，挺立”；D项的意思是“抚养，培养”。根据题意选A。句意为“他所有的钱都用光了，所以他只好靠乞讨为生”。]10．—DidyoutakepartinMary'sbirthdaypartylastFriday?—Ihad______to，butoneofmyclassmatescalledonme.A．admittedB．intendedC．agreedD．promised答案　B　[intend打算，用于过去完成时，意为“本来计划/打算(做某事)”，符合句意。admit接受，录取，承认；agree同意，赞成；promise许诺，保证。答句句意为“我本来打算去参加玛丽的生日聚会，但是我的一个同学来看我了”。]11．OnApril25th,2007，thousandsofRussianswenttosayfarewelltoBorisYeltsin—thecountry'sfirstpopularly______leader.A．electingB．electedC．toelectD．elect答案　B　[elect与被修饰的名词leader之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。]12．—Shallwehaveatalkwithherandtrytopersuadehernottoseeamovietonight?—Thereisno______talkingtoher.Sheneverlistens.A．goodsB．valueC．pointD．worth答案　C　[本题考查固定句型Thereisno______(in)doingsth的用法。good只适用于It’snogood(in)doingsth句型。]13．Heputthebooksinthebox______theshelfsothathecouldcarrythemeasily.A．insteadB．insteadofC．insteadofonD．inplaceof答案　C　[insteadof前后涉及的两个部分在结构上必须是平行关系，故应选C项。]14．Jackislateagain.Itis______ofhimtokeepotherswaiting.A．normalB．ordinaryC．commonD．typical答案　D　[句意为“杰克又迟到了，他这人就是爱让人等”。typical(品质、性格等方面)特有的，独特的；normal正常的；ordinary普通的，平凡的；common共同的。]15．Thetrees______inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A．beingblowndownB．blowndownC．blowingdownD．toblowdown答案　B　[句意为“在暴风雨中被刮倒的树被拖离道路”。因trees和blowdown同为动宾关系，所以排除C、D两项，且“已被拖离”表示此动作已完成，故可排除A项，B项为过去分词短语表示被动完成。]Ⅱ.完形填空ItwasChristmasin1961.Iwasteachinginasmalltownwheremytwentyseventhirdgraderseagerly__1__thegreatdayofgiftgivinginadvance.Eachdaythechildrenproducedsomenew__2__—stringsofpopcorn，handmadetrinketsandGermanbell.Throughitallsheremainedalone，__3__fromadistance，seeminglymilesaway.Iwonderedwhat__4__happentothisquietchild，oncesohappy，nowsuddenlysowithdrawn.Ihopedthefestivitieswould__5__her.Butnothingdid.Thestudentsmadethefriedmarblesandcompetedwithoneanthertobringthe__6__ones.Thedayofgiftgivingfinallycame.Wecheeredoverourhandiworkasthepresentswere__7__.Allalong，shesatquietlywatching.Toseehersmile，Ihadmadeaspecialbagforher.Sheopeneditsoslowlyandcarefully.Iwaitedbutshe__8__.Ihadnotpassedthroughthewallofisolationshehad__9__aroundherself. Afterschool，Isatdowninachair，hardly__10__ofwhatwashappening，whenshecametomewithoutstretchedhands，bearingasmallwhitebox，andslightlysoiled，__11__ithadbeenheldmanytimesby__12__，childishhands.Shesaidnothing.“Forme？”Iasked.Shedidn'tsayaword，but__13__herhead.Itooktheboxandcautiouslyopenedit.Thereinside，glisteninggreen，afriedmarble__14__fromagoldenchain.ThenIlookedintothateight－year－old__15__andsawthequestioninherdarkbrowneyes.Inaflash，Iknew—shehad__16__itforhermother，whohaddiedjustthreeweeksbeforeandwouldneverholdherorbrushherhairor__17__herchildishjoysorsorrows.ImeantitwhenIwhispered，“Oh，Maria，itissobeautiful.Yourmotherwould__18__it.”Neitherofuscouldstopthe__19__.Shethrewherselfintomyarmsandwewepttogether.Andforthatbriefmoment，Ibecamehermother，forshehadgivenmethegreatest__20__ofall:hertrustandlove.1．A.preparedB．reservedC．expectedD．waited答案：A　[根据下文可知，学生们在急切地提前为礼物赠送日作准备]2．A.fanciesB．impressionsC．wondersD．possessions答案：C　[wonders奇迹，奇观，在这里指学生们制作的各种稀奇的东西。]3．A.seeingB．playingC．searchingD．watching答案：D　[watchingfromadistance“在远处看着”，符合上下文意思]4．A.wouldB．shouldC．mustD．needed答案：A　[would构成过去将来时，意思是“什么事会发生在这个文静孩子的身上”。]5．A.attendtoB．appealtoC．listentoD．objectto答案：B　[appealto迎合，意思是“我希望这种欢庆的气氛能迎合她。”即让她高兴，其他选项意思不符。]6．A.prettiestB．wisestC．heaviestD．naughtiest答案：A　[全句意思是“孩子们制作了油炸玻璃弹子，竞相拿出最好的。”]7．A.transformedB．informedC．exchangedD．deserted答案：C　[由于是礼物赠送节，自然礼物会相互交换。]8．A.gaveawayB．threwawayC．carriedawayD．turnedaway答案：D　[turnaway转身而去，从下文的Ihadnotpassedthroughthewallofisolationshehadbuiltaroundherself可以看出]9．A.builtB．adjustedC．offeredD．filled答案：A　[全句意思是“我没有穿过她在自己周围建起的隔离墙”。故选built]10．A.afraidB．awareC．contentD．fond答案：B　[awareof知道，全句意思是“放学后，我坐在椅子上，当她用伸出的双手捧着一个脏兮兮，像是被从没有洗过的孩子手拿过无数次的白色小盒子时，我简直不知道所正在发生的一切”(说明作者的惊讶)。]11．A.whenB．whileC．asthoughD．evenif答案：C　[见10解答]12．A.untouchedB．unknownC．unwashedD．unpacked答案：C　[从上文的slightlysoiled可以看出]13．A.noddedB．raisedC．droppedD．turned答案：A　[noddedherhead点头，符合题意]14．A.protectedB．hungC．heldD．escaped答案：B　[afriedmarblehungfromagoldenchain意思是挂在项链上的油炸弹子。]15．A.faceB．cheekC．hairD．forehead答案：A　[从下文的sawthequestioninherdarkbrowneyes可以看出]16．A.boughtB．exchangedC．madeD．stole答案：C　[made制作(礼物)，意思是“她为她母亲制作的它”]17．A.appreciateB．enjoyC．communicateD．share答案：D　[share分享，共享shareone’sjoysandsorrow与某人共甘苦。]18．A.loveB．benefitC．dislikeD．need答案：A　[全句意思是“你妈妈会喜欢它的。”]19．A.laughB．excitementC．tearsD．description答案：C　[从下文Shethrewherselfintomyarmsandwewepttogether可知]20．A.joyB．identityC．contributionD．gift答案：D　[全句意思是，“就在那短暂的一刻我成为了她的妈妈，因为她给于我最伟大的礼物：相信与爱。”] Ⅲ.任务型阅读Positiveattitudeisveryimportanttobeingsuccessfulandhappy.Haveyoueverlookedatpeoplewhoalwaysseemhappyandenjoylifewithenvyandwishyoucouldbemorelikethem？Thinkingandactingwithapositiveattitudecandomorethananythingelsetowardsgettingwhateveryouwantoutoflife.Havingapositiveattitudeinwhateveryoudowillmakethingseasier，andevenmoreenjoyable.Herearesevensimplebutpowerfultipsforhavingamorepositiveattitude.Don'twaituntilsomethingbadhappens.Beproactiveandmakesomethinggoodhappen.Youareresponsibleforwhatyoumakeofthelifeyouhave，andyouonlyhaveone，sodon'twasteit.Createthebestlifeyoupossiblycan，onedayatatime.Badthingshappen.Thatisafactoflife，butthatdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoallowittodragyoudown.Goodcancomefromeverything，nomatterhowbaditmaybeatthetime.Learntoopenyourselfuptolearnfrom，andgainstrengthfromthebadthingsthathappeninyourlife.Learningtohaveapositiveattitudeevenwhenbadthingsarehappeningwillhelpyoutogetthroughthebadtimes，evenstrongerandmoredeterminedtosucceed.It'sawellknownfactamongsuccessfulpeoplethathavinggratitudewillgetyoumorethanneverbeingsatisfied.There'snothingwrongwithhavingdreamsandgoalsanddesiringmoreoutoflife，butdon'tforgettobegratefulforwhatyouhavealready.Apositiveattitudeattractspositiveactions.Gratitudeattractspositiveenergy.Now，whateveryoudo，don'tputyourselfinthepoorhouseortakefoodoutofyourchildren'smouths，chasingeverygetrichquickschemethatcomesaroundthecorner.Butdon'tbeafraidtotakeopportunitiesthatfeelrighteither.Successfulpeoplehavetaughtthemselvestohaveasixthsensewhenitcomestotakingadvantageofnewopportunities.Peopleliketobearoundthosewhofindhumorineventhemostawkwardmoments.Learntolaughandyouwillbemorepositive，especiallyifyoucanlearntolaughatyourself.Lifeismuchtooshorttowasteitmopingaroundinselfpity.Humorisveryattractive.Apositiveattitudecanbebornfromastrongsenseofhumor.Noonecantakeyourdreamsfromyouexceptforyou.Aslongasthere'sstillbreathinyourbody，thereisnolimittohowmuchyoucanaccomplish.Lifeisnotsomethingthatisgoingonaroundyou.Itiswhatyoumakeofit.Anyonewhoistrulysuccessful，whoenjoyslifeandhasalifetobeproudof，hasapositiveattitude.Ifyouusethesestepstohelpyouhaveapositiveattitude，thenyoutoowillhavealifeworthliving.Justremember，itallstartswithlearningtohaveapositiveattitude.答案：1.advantages/benefits　2.goals　3.Tips/Suggestions/Advice　4.instead　5.Believe　6.grateful　7．opportunity　8.sense　9.charge10.Conclusion　第10讲非谓语动词（要点透析） 非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(todo)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。所以，要正确使用非谓语形式，一定要充分理解不同形式所表现的意义，要明确非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是“主动”还是“被动(或状态)”，所表示的动作是“过去”、“现在”还是“将来”，以及和谓语动词所表示的动作是同步发生还是有先后之分。形式对比项目动词不定式(todo)动名词(doing)现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)意义相当于名词、形容词、副词，往往有将来意味相当于名词，指经常性、习惯性的动作相当于形容词、副词，往往有现在意味相当于形容词、副词，本身兼有被动、完成意义充当句子成分主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语主语、宾语、表语、定语表语、宾补、定语、状语表语、宾补、定语、状语形式主动一般式tododoingdoingdone被动式tobedonebeingdonebeingdone无主动完成式tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone无被动完成式tohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone无否定式在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not一、不定式和动名词作主语1.动名词作主语常用以下句型：Itis＋nouse/good＋doingsth.而不定式作主语常用it作形式主语。Itwasnousesendinghimtoahospital.It'sveryhardtolearnanart.2.当动名词带逻辑主语时，只可在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格，不可以用人称代词主格和宾格，也不可以用名词的普通格。Hiscomingherewillbeagreathelp.(不可用He和Him)Jack'ssuddenlydisappearingmadethemworried.(不可用Jack)3．for/ofsb.todo sth.中for或of无意义。如果介词后的名词或代词与其前面的形容词存在逻辑上的主系表关系，则该介词用of，反之，则须用for。在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel，selfish,wicked,wrong等后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。Ifounditimpossibleforhimtodothejobalone.Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.二、不定式和动名词作宾语1.动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时，带逻辑主语的既可以是物主代词或名词的所有格，也可以是人称代词宾格和名词的普通格。Doyoumindmy/mereadingyourpaper?Shedoesn'tlikeMary/Mary'stalkingthatway.2.常见的带不定式作宾语的动词如下：(利用口诀进行记忆。事实上，口诀内的动词后跟动词不定式几乎都有将来意味。)想要干want,wish,hope,expect,seek,attempt,aim,claim,wouldlike/love,desire,swear早打算plan,prepare,mean,arrange同意否agree,promise,undertake,offer,choose,refuse,afford问问看ask,beg,(asktodo要求做……)决定了decide,determine,makeupone'smind,bedetermined尽力干try,manage(反义词fail),struggle,strive努力做care别装蒜pretend3.介词以及少数动词(“动词不定式口诀”以外的动词)和词组后只能用动名词作宾语：admit，dislike，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，bear(忍受)，envy，can‘thelp(不禁)，delay，escape,can’tstand(受不了)，deny，excuse(借口)，consider(考虑)，fancy，mind，miss(错过)，mention,finish，pardon，resist，forgive，imagine，risk，practise，suggest(建议)，keep，quit，putoff,giveup,feellike,beworth,setabout,burstout,be/get/becomeusedto(习惯于),lookforwardto,payattentionto,devote…to,leadto,stickto,getcloseto,objectto,contributeto,getdownto,beequalto(能胜任),turnto(求助于)等。Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago. Heusedtobelateforwork,butnowhehasbeenusedtogettingupearly.4.动词advise/allow/permit/forbid后可跟doing，也可跟sb.todo。Youwouldbewelladvisedtostayindoors.Theteacheradvisedtakingadifferentapproach.5.need,require,want作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式作宾语，表示某事需要被做。beworth后须用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。Theroadiscoveredwithsomefallentreesandtheyneedremoving/toberemovedimmediately.6.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语有差别，如forget,stop,remember,regret,try,mean,goon,propose等。trytodo努力、企图做……trydoing试验、试一试某种办法meantodo打算，有意要……meandoing意味着goontodo继而(去做另外一件事情)goondoing继续(原先没有做完的事情)proposetodo打算(要做某事)proposedoing建议(做某事)like/love/hate/prefer＋todo表示具体行为；＋doingsth表示抽象、倾向概念，如果这几个动词前有should/would，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?Youmustremembertoleavetomorrow.Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow.7.固定句型1)Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)＋doingsth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性)Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.2)havedifficulty/trouble/problem/ahardtime/agoodtime/fun＋(in)doingHehadagoodtimeintravellingabroadthissummervacation.3)spend/waste/losetime(in)doingsth.Theycan'tlosetimeplayingcomputergamesasusual.4)Thereisno＋doing…“不可能” Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.5)prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoing…阻止……做……Nothingcanstophimfromrealizinghisdream.【疑难点击】1.do/did/does＋nothing/anything/everything＋but(except)＋动词原形，如果谓语动词不是do/did/does，所跟的不定式须带to。LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.Thedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking.2.cannot(help/choose)butdo，candonothingbutdo，havenochoice/alternativetodo表示“不得不”。WhenIconsiderhowtalentedheisasapainter,Icannothelpbutbelievethatthepublicwillappreciatehisgift.3.作动词expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等的宾语时，通常用theretobe结构，在mind,objectto等后面用therebeing。作状语多用therebeing结构。Wedon'twanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.Idon'tmindtherebeingachairhere.Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself.4.为避免重复，在hope,expect,wish,want,like,love,decide,plan,need,mean,forget,refuse,tell,know,haveto,begoingto,usedto,oughtto等动词后面再次出现相同的不定式作宾语时，常出现单独使用的to，而把曾出现过的动词省略掉。但是，如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be,have,havebeen时，要保留这些词。Johndidn'tpasshisdrivingtest,butIexpectedhimto.—Hasn'thefinishedwritingthereport?—No,butheoughttohave.—Aren'tyoutheheadmaster?—No,andIdon'twanttobe.三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语1．不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce. Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.2.表心理状态的interesting,exciting,delighting,disappointing,encouraging,worrying,puzzling,satisfying,surprising,pleasing等形容词化分词作表语时，表示“令人……的”；interested,excited,delighted,disappointed,encouraged,pleased,puzzled,worried,surprised等表示“感到……”，也可用修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词作主语。Travellingisinterestingbuttiring.Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch.3.除bedone外，get,become,look,seem,appear,remain等系动词都可跟done。如remainseated/hidden,getpaid/dressed/changed/stuck/hurt/injured/burnt等。Whattheworkershavebeentoldisthattheygetpaidbythehour.四、不定式、动名词和分词作定语1.不定式作定语时通常后置，即作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作。We'dbetterfindsomeworkforthechildrentodo.Heisthefirstonetohelpmewithcomputer.(名词前有序数词或最高级时用不定式作定语)Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbookson.(不及物动词构成的不定式作定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。)Yourabilitytoanalyzetheproblemreallysurprisedus.动词的－ing形式作定语，表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态，还可表示被修饰词的某种用途。Hewasaninspiringleader.Theboylyingonthegroundwasastudent.过去分词作定语表示已经完成的或表被动的动作。Heisanexperiencedteacher.ThebookpublishedinMarchsellswell.2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义不同。Doyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式tosend的动作执行者是“你”。)Doyouhaveanythingtobesent? 你有什么东西要(我或别人)寄吗？(不是主语you寄，是别人寄)3.一些形容词化的过去分词表示已完成的动作或所处的状态，意为“已经……的”。afallenleaf落叶(已经落在地上)(afallingleaf飘零的落叶，尚在空中)adevelopedcountry发达国家(adevelopingcountry发展中国家)arisensun升起的太阳(arisingsun冉冉升起的太阳)boiledwater开水(boilingwater沸水)areturnedstudent归国学生aretiredworker退休工人anadvancedworker先进工作者abentbranch弯曲的树枝determinedopposition强烈的反对adevotedsoldier忠诚的士兵awell－informedprofessor见多识广的教授【疑难点击】(1)Themanwhocamethismorningisourlegaladviser.(√)Themancomingthismorningisourlegaladviser.(×不能用doing表达过去动作)(2)Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?(√)Isthereanyoneansweringthisquestion?(×用answering表达cananswer的意思是错的)(3)Thosewhohavefinishedtheirworkcangohomenow.(√)Thosehavingfinishedtheirworkcangohomenow.(×完成式不能作定语)2.drink,learn,sink,light都有两种形式的过去分词，但作定语时，只能用拼写较长的过去分词。adrunkendriver喝醉酒的司机alearnedlawyer博学的律师asunkenship沉船 alightedcandle点着的蜡烛3.不定式所修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。Doyouhaveaknifetocutthewatermelon?五、不定式和分词作状语1．动词不定式作状语表示目的、结果、原因等。目的状语还可以用inorderto或soasto来表示，但soasto不能置于句首，onlytodo,so…astodo和such…astodo中的不定式均作结果状语。onlytodo表示出人意料的结果。Shedidallshecouldtosavehim.Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedhard.Hewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.动词－ing形式一般式(doing)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生；完成式(havingdone)表示该动作先于谓语动作发生。Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.过去分词和动词－ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且和句中主语构成逻辑上的主语或动宾关系，否则不能作状语。但独立成分，如Generallyspeaking,Judgingfrom…等除外。过去分词的一般形式(done)同动词的－ing形式的完成被动式(havingbeendone)均与句中主谓构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Given(＝Havingbeengiven)awrongnumber,Icouldn'tcontacthimoverphone.Beingblind,howcouldtheyseeanelephant?2.不定式(todosth.)作目的和结果状语时总是在谓语动词后发生，而分词一般式(doingsth.)作状语时总是与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生。Heworkeddeepintothenight,preparingaspeechforthepresident.(worked与preparing同时发生)Igotupveryearlythismorningtopreparebreakfastformyfamily.(gotup先，preparebreakfast后)【疑难点击】1.too…todo表示肯定的情况 ①当onlytoo和alltoo与动词不定式连用时，表示肯定意义。②tooready(anxious，eager,glad,willing)＋todo，其后的动词不定式具有肯定意义。③never(not)＋too…to…句型为“不会太……所以能……”之意。I'monlytoopleasedtohelpyou.我很高兴能帮助你。Theyarealltooenthusiastictotakepartintheactivity.他们都很热心要去参加这项活动。Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。Shedidnotgetuptoolatetocatchtheearlybus.她起得早，赶上了早班车。2.devote，absorb，lose，seat，dress，hide等动词作状语和定语时可以用它们的－ed形式(devoted,absorbed，lost，seated，dressed，hidden)或－ing＋oneself形式(devoting/absorbing/losing/seating/dressing/hidingoneself)。Seatinghimself/Seated/Sittingintheroom,heisabsorbedinreading.Haveyounoticedthestudentlosinghimself/lostinthought?3.有些todo短语，doing短语和done短语已经当作插入语使用，此时，句子的主语在逻辑上与它们不存在主动或被动关系：①totellyouthetruth(实话说)，needlesstosay(不用说)，tobehonest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，tobemoreexact(更确切地说)，tomakethingsworse(更糟的是)，nottomention…(更不用说)②generally/frankly/roughlyspeaking(一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说)，considering…(鉴于/考虑到……)，judgingby/from…(从……来看，依据……来判断)，supposingthat…(假定……)，providingthat…(假定……)，accordingto…(依据……),including…(包括……)，owingto…(由于……)，talking/speakingof(谈及……)③given…(考虑到……),providedthat…(如果……)Generallyspeaking，themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.4.独立主格结构：n./pron.＋doing/done/todo/adv./adj./prep.短语前后主语不一致时，分词作状语需有自己的逻辑主语，且分词与逻辑主语之间存在着逻辑上的主动或被动关系，此时，视为独立主格结构。若把独立主格结构还原为状语从句，则主句的主语与从句的主语是不同的。 ItbeingSunday,weneedn'tgotoschool.→BecauseitisSunday,weneedn'tgotoschool.Alltheworkdone,youcanhavearest.→Ifalltheworkisdone,youcanhavearest.5.连词＋分词(短语)有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。连词有when,while,if,unless,though,after,before,as等。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。Whilewaitingthere,hesawtwoprettygirlscomeoutofthebuilding.Hewillnotattendthepartyunlessinvited.六、不定式和分词作宾语补足语1.like,hate,encourage,wish,warn,tell,want,desire,expect,get,permit,order,allow，invite,force,ask,cause,advise,request,prefer,beg,persuade,teach，lead等动词＋宾语＋todosth.，宾语与todo为主动关系。【特别提醒】MyfatherpermitsmetosurftheInternetattheweekend.hope,welcome,agree,suggest,demand不能跟sb.todo2.感官动词see,observe,hear,notice，watch,feel,lookat,listento＋宾语＋dosth.(主动，全过程或经常性动作)doing(主动，正在进行)done(被动，完成)若感官动词在被动语态中，则to要还原；Shesawtheoldmancrosstheroad.→Theoldmanwasseentocrosstheroad.Thechildrenwerelastseenplayingbytheriver.Wearegladtoseeourchildtakengoodcareof.3.get/send/set＋宾语＋doing表示“使……起来”，动作由静止到运动并持续下去；get＋宾语＋todo＝let/havesb.do表示“让某人做某事”；get＋宾语＋done＝havesth.done表示“使某事被做”；send＋宾语＋todo表示“派某人去做某事”FinallyIgotmycarrunning.Hiswordssentmethinking. Theteacheroftengetsustorecitetexts.I'dliketogetmycarcleanedbeforetheNewYear.Tooursurprise,hewassenttoworkabroad.4.使役动词make/let＋宾语＋do/done；宾语与do为主动关系，与done是被动关系；如果make/let在被动语态中，to要还原。Imademylittlebrothercry.→Mylittlebrotherwasmadetocry.Ispokeclearlyandslowlytomakemyselfheardandunderstood.5．have表示“有”时，用have＋宾语＋do，表示“有某事要做(主语本人做)”；用have＋宾语＋tobedone，表示“有某事被做(不是主语本人做)”。Theteacheroftenhasusdebateinclass.Theyhadthelightsburningwhileworking.Nancywillhaveherhousepainted.Tohisanger,hehadhiswalletstolenonthebus.Iamgoingtothesupermarketandhavemanythingstobuy.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?6.keep/leave＋宾语＋doing(主动，且持续进行)/done(被动)Sorrytohavekeptyouwaitingformeforsuchalongtime.Theywenthome,leavingmuchworkunfinished.7.want/order/ask/wish＋宾语＋(tobe)done(宾语与done之间为被动关系)Theteacherwantedthepaper(tobe)finishedinanhours.老师想让试卷在一个小时内完成。七、with复合结构with复合结构是独立主格结构的一种，常在句中充当状语和定语，是英语中的一种常见结构。它由“with＋宾语＋补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。其结构为：Withthechildrenfollowinghim,hehadtogobacktothepark.Withtheworkfinished,hecouldgohome.Withsomanybookstoread,Icouldnotgoout.Withtheweathersohot,theywentintohavearest.WiththepricesofcolorTVsetdownby50%,thecompanyhasaveryhardtime. Hiswifecamedownthestairs,withabookinherhand.Thestudentsstoodinlinewiththenationalflagbeingraised.巩固练习非谓语动词（考点突破）(　　)1.IwonderwhyAnndidn'tget______thejob.Sheistherightpersonforit.(2010·福建厦门外国语学校高三模拟)A.tobeofferedB.toofferC.offeringD.offered(　　)2.—Whathasmadehimupsetrecently?—______alonetofaceatroublesomemilkcase.(2010·重庆市高三模拟)A.LeftB.BeingleftC.HavingleftD.Toleave【解析】1.D　本题考查getdone，相当于bedone,offerAnnthejob,Ann和offer之间是动宾关系，可用beoffered或getoffered。此处用过去式gotoffered，否定式为didn'tgetoffered，故选D。2.B　根据句意，他被单独留下，为被动语态；此处用动名词短语回答what提问。(　　)3.Ithoughtitapity______himtotheteaparty.(2010·河南郑州智林学校高三模拟)A.beingnotinvitedB.nottohaveinvitedC.tonothaveinvitedD.nottohavebeeninvited(　　)4.______withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.(2010·浙江舟山市定海区高三模拟)A.FacedB.TofaceC.HavingfacedD.Facing【解析】3.B　动词不定式作形式宾语，且不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前，故选B。4.A　根据句意“面对困境，Arnold决定向老板征求建议。”题中“面对、面临”的表达为“befacedwith”，故用过去分词faced作状语。(　　)5.Aftertheparty,mostguestsleft,withonlytwoofthem______inthehostfamily,______himcleaningup.(2010·安徽合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)A.remaining;helpedB.remaining;helpingC.remained;helpedD.remained;helping【解析】5.B　本题考查with＋宾语＋宾补这一复合结构，宾语twoofthem与remain 是主谓关系，用remaining；与help是主谓关系，用现在分词作伴随状语；故选B。(　　)6.Seeinghermothercomeback,______.(2010·天津实验中学高三热身训练)A.tearsrandownhercheeksB.hertearsranoutC.sheburstintotearsD.sheburstintocrying【解析】6.C　本题考查分词的逻辑主语和主句主语一致性的问题。根据句意，逻辑主语为she,排除A、B;D项短语表达错误，故选C。(　　)7.______howtosolvetheproblem,thelittleboyturnedtohisfatherforhelp.(2011·湖南长郡中学高三分班考试)A.NotknowingB.HavingnotknownC.NothavingbeenknownD.Notknown【解析】7.A　主语与know为主谓关系，用know的现在分词形式，排除C、D；分词的否定式在其前面加not，故选A。(　　)8.Mymoney______，ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofmysavingsoutbeforeI'venoneinhand.(2011·甘肃天水市三中高三第一次月考)A.runoutB.runningoutofC.hasrunoutD.torunout(　　)9.Educatorsclaimthatchildren______toEnglish－speakingenvironmentwilllearnthelanguagemorequickly.(2010·上海市奉贤区高三一模)A.beingexposedB.tobeexposedC.havingexposedD.exposed【解析】8.D　本题考查独立主格结构中名词＋不定式，我的钱要用光了，我必须去取。如选A,run为过去分词，该用runoutof;B答案中running改成run即对：句中没有连词；C答案不对。故选D。9.D　beexposedtosth.为固定词组，此处用过去分词作后置定语修饰名词children。(　　)10.Ihadneverexpected______suchabigaudiencethere.(2011·浙江嘉兴一中高三英语月考)A.ittobeB.therebeingC.theretobeD.theretohave(　　)11.Withthegreatweight______offhermind,shepassedthetestsuccessfully.(2011·四川成都市三校高三9月联考)A.takingB.takenC.takeD.tobetaken【解析】 10.C　本题考查expectsb.todosth.和therebe结构的组合。11.B　本题考查with＋宾语＋宾补这一复合结构，动词takeoff和宾语weight之间为动宾关系，用过去分词taken，故选B。(　　)12.Twenty－sixjournalistsfrom19mediaorganizationsofdifferentcountriesandregionsarethefirstones______theunrestof“theRed－shirts”inThailandcapital.(2011·湖南岳阳一中高三第一次阶段考试)A.coveredB.coversC.tocoverD.covering(　　)13.TheSpanishfootballteamwontheSouthAfricaWorldCuponJuly13th,______itthe8thcountrytohavewontheWorldCup.(2011·四川绵阳中学高三入学考试)A.madeB.makingC.tomakeD.tohavemade【解析】12.C　本题考查固定用法，thefirst/second/…/last/next/best＋名词，后面跟动词不定式作后置定语，被修饰的名词和不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。13.B　现在分词作结果状语。(　　)14.Notfarfromtheclub,thereisagarden,itsowner______init______bridgewithhischildreneveryafternoon.(2010·江苏建湖第二中学高三模拟)A.seated;playsB.seats;playsC.seated;playingD.seats;playing(　　)15.Intheyears______，thecitygovernmentwilltakeeffectivemeasurestobringthepriceofthehouseundercontrol.(2010·江苏宿迁市高三第一次模拟)A.followingB.followedC.followD.tofollow【解析】14.C　beseated意为“就座”，此处为名词加过去分词构成独立主格结构；动词play和其逻辑主语itsowner为主谓关系，构成独立主格结构，故选C。15.D　不定式tofollow作后置定语，表示将来的动作。(　　)16.EasterIsland,whichwasalmostuninhabitedwhenitwasdiscoveredonEasterDayin1722byaDutchcaptain,iscoveredwithhundredsofgiantstatues,each______severaltons.(2010·江苏扬州中学高三模拟)A.weighingB.weighsC.weighedD.toweigh【解析】 16.A　逻辑主语each和weigh为主谓关系，故用weighing构成独立主格结构。(　　)17.Thoughatyphoonisontheway,peoplearestilllookingforward______theoutdoorconcertbythepopsinger.(2011·江苏白塔中学高三9月月考)A.tocancelingB.nottocancelingC.nottocancelD.tonotcanceling【解析】17.D　lookforwardtodoing，其中动名词doing的否定式是在其前加not，故选D。(　　)18.Thelittlegirlshowednoanxietybeforethecompetition.Sheseemed______foritprettywell.(2010·江苏扬州市高三四模)A.toprepareB.tohavepreparedC.havingpreparedD.tobepreparing【解析】18.B　由seemtodosth.排除C，从句意看，她已经做好准备，用动词不定式的完成式，故选B。(　　)19.After______forthejob,Iwasrequiredbytheinterviewers______alanguagetest.(2010·江苏淮安市高三5月调研)A.beinginterviewed;totakeB.interviewed;beingtakenC.interviewing;tobetakingD.havinginterviewed;taking(　　)20.______frommediareports,theresulthasbeenunclear.(2011·江苏白塔中学高三9月月考)A.TojudgeB.HavingjudgedC.JudgingD.Judged【解析】19.A　interview和I之间为动宾关系，after后应用动名词形式，因此此处应用动名词的被动形式，故选A。20.C　judgingfrom…在句中作状语，是固定用法。(　　)21.Thegreathallwascrowdedwithmanypeople,______manychildren______ontheirparents'laps.A.including;seatedB.including;seatingC.included;satD.included;sitting【解析】　21.A　including为介词；由seat的用法可知，此处应用其过去分词形式。(　　)22.______foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.A.BeingnorainB.TherewasnorainC.TobenorainD.Therebeingnorain 【解析】22.D　Therebeingnorain为therebe句型的独立主格形式。(　　)23.InthefaceofthebigfireinOctoberinCalifornia,manypeopleinthefire－strickenareasmovedout______.A.toescapeburning　B.toescapebeingburnedC.escapingburned　D.escapingfromburning【解析】23.B　不定式作目的状语。escape意为“逃脱”，不接不定式，而常接－ing形式作宾语。(　　)24.Takingthismedicine,if______，willofcoursedogoodtohishealth.A.continued　B.tocontinueC.continues　D.continuing(　　)25.Thelittleboystillneedsthe______20dollarstodowithsomethings______.A.remaining;remainedtobesettledB.remaining;remainingtobesettledC.remained;remainedtosettleD.remained;remainingtosettle【解析】24.A　ifcontinued是“iftakingthismedicineiscontinued”的省略形式。25.B　第一个remaining用作形容词，作“剩下的”解；第二个remainingtobesettled是－ing形式短语作定语。。(　　)26.—Whatcausedthepartytobeputoff?—______theinvitations.A.TomdelayedsendingB.Tom'sdelayingsendingC.TomdelayingtosendD.Tomdelayedtosend(　　)27.Standingonthetopofthehill,Iwouldnotdoanythingbut______theflowingofthesmogaroundme.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.enjoyedD.toenjoy【解析】26.B　Tom'sdelayingsending是－ing形式的复合结构可代替what在句中作主语。27.A　but用作“除了”解，当其前含有实义动词do时，则but后的不定式短语要省去to。(　　)28.—IsTomagoodtalker?—No,heneverspeakstomeotherthan______something.A.askforB.toaskforC.askedforD.askingfor(　　)29.Ican'tgetmycar______oncoldmornings,soIhavetotry______theradiatorwith somehotwater.A.run;tofillB.running;fillingC.running;tofillD.ran;filling【解析】28.C　otherthanaskedforsomething相当于unlessheisaskedforsomething。29.B　getmycarrunning意为“使我的车发动起来”；trydoing表示“试一试做某事的办法”；trytodo意为“努力去做某事”。(　　)30.Thedrunkhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls______inalldirectionsbeforehewassent______byhiswife.A.flying;tosleepB.flying;sleepingC.tofly;tosleepingD.tofly;tosleep【解析】30.A　sendsb./sth.doing意为“使……快速移动”；sendsb.tosleep意为“使某人入睡”，其中to为介词，sleep为名词。