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专题五状语从句概念：状语从句在句中作状语分为：时间、条件、让步、原因、目的、结果、比较、地点、方式。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,as,while,until,not…until,before,after,since,theminute,themoment,each(every,next,thefirst)time等。时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时或一般过去时。1．when,while,as都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。1)WhenEg:WhenIarrivedhome,Ihadalittlerest.注意：when从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。Eg:When(shewas)walkingalongthestreet,shemetherclassteacher.2)AsAs除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面```一面”，“随着”Eg:Hesangashedanced.(一面```一面)Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.(随着)3)While表示“当```的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。Eg:Whilewewereworking,theywerehavingarest.18 While(theywere)havingadiscussion,theygotveryconfused.注意：while还有“然而”的意思。eg:Ipreferblacktea,whilehelikescoffee.1．until,not…until“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。肯定句：Iwaiteduntilmidnight.否定句：Ididnotleaveuntilmidnight.注意：1）notuntil…在句首，主句用倒装eg:NotuntilyouhadexplainedhowdidImanagetodoit.2)Itisnotuntil…that…引导的强调句Itwasnotuntilitwasdarkthathecameback.3.theminute,themoment,eachtime表示“一```就```”eg:Theworkerrecognizedthetypeofthemachinethemomenthesawit.4.hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than,assoonas表示为“一```就```”eg:Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.ItbegantorainassoonasIgothome.注意：hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than位于句首，主句用倒装eg:HadIhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.5.Bythetime+状从（过去时），主句（过去完成时）Bythetime+状从（现在时），主句（将来完成时）Bythetimeshecameback,alltheguesthadleft.Bythetimetheclassisover,wewillhavefinishedlearningthewhole18 passage.练习题1.Itwasquiet________thosebigtrucksstartedcomingthroughthetown.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.unless 2.Itseemedonlyseconds________theboyfinishedwashinghisface.A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.evenif3.Hardlyhadhereachedtheschoolgate________thebellrang.A.whileB.whenC.asD.assoonas 4.Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad_____wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.A.whenever B.until C.while D.wherever5.Irecognizedyou________Isawyouattheairport.A.themomentB.whileC.afterD.once 6.Hewasabouttogotobed________thedoorbellrang.A.whileB.asC.beforeD.when7.________Ilistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.A.EverytimeB.WhenC.WhileD.Until8._____JohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.A.AsB.AssoonasC.WhileD.Till9.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)______theysawtheguard.A.themomentB.afterC.beforeD.as10.NosoonerhadIarrivedhome_____itbegantorain.A.whenB.whileC.asD.than11.Severalweekshadgoneby_____Irealizedthepaintingwasmissing.A.as B.before C.since D.when12.It_____longbeforewe____theresultoftheexperiment.18 A.willnotbe;willknow B.is;willknow C.willnotbe;know D.is;know13.–Whatwasthepartylike? --Wonderful. It’syears_____Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.after B.before C.when D.since14.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe_____.A.willarrive B.arrives C.isgoingtoarrive D.isarriving15._____gotintotheroom_____thetelephonerang.A.Hehardlyhad;then B.Hardlyhadhe;when C.Hehadnot;then D.Nothadhe;when二.条件状语从句1.概念：条件状语从句，即在某种条件下，一件事情可能发生。2..条件状语从句的引导词1).IfIfyouaskhim，hewillhelpyou．Ifyoufailintheexam，youwilllethimdown．2).unless（if...not...）Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.3).so/aslongasYoumayborrowmybookaslongasyoukeepitclean.1)provided/providing(that),onconditionthatIshallgiveyouthebookonconditionthatyoureturnittomorrow.Iwillgoprovidedthatyougotoo.18 3．关于条件句的时态，常见的有以下三种情况：1、主将从现WhenIgrowup,I’llbeanurseandlookafterpatients.2、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。Ifyouwanttohaveachat,callmeup.3、如果主句是含有情态动词时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。Youshouldbequietwhenyouareinthereadingroom.练习题1.Ifyou_____totheparty,you’llhaveagreattime.A.willgo B.went C.go D.going2.Itwillbealongtime____Peter_____hiswork.A.since,hasfinished B.after,finishes C.when,willfinish D.before,finishes.3.Whatwillfatherbringus,______hecomesfromChina.A.if B.when C.aslongas D.untill4.IfWangFang____________me,_________meatonce.A.need,tellB.needs,tellingC.need,tellingD.needs,tell5．I____hertheanswerifshe____me.A.cantell,willask B.willtell,willask C.wouldtell,ask D.willtell,asks6.–Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow? --We’llgotothelibrarytomorrowifit___.A.isn’train B.rain C.won’train D.doesn’train7.—Doyouknowwhenhewillcomebacktomorrow?18 --Sorry,Idon’tknow.Whenhe____back,I’lltellyou.A.comes B.willcome C.come D.maycome8.Whatwillyoudoifyou_____totheoldfolk’shomevisit?A.go B.went C.going D.willgo9.___________Ieatmuchfood,I’llbeveryfat.A.Although B.if C.while D.because10.I’llnotgivethebooktohim________hewillcomeherenextSunday.A.if B.aslongas C.though D.unless11.There____anEnglishfilminourschooltomorrow.A.isgoingtohave B.willhave C.isgoingtobe D.has12.Couldyoutelluswhere____？A.willthenextOlympicGamesheld B.thenextOlympicGameswillbeheldC.wouldthenextOlympicGamesbeheldD.thenextOlympicGameswouldbeheld13.Whenmymotherreturnedlastnight,I____ abook.A.read B.amreading C.wasreading D.amgoingtoread14.What____you____whenitbegantorain?A.do,do B.were,doing C.are,doing D.did,do15.I’llwakeyouupwhenhe____back.A.will B.isgoingtocome C.comes D.come三．让步状语从句1.概念：一般翻译为“尽管……即使……”就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。2.引导让步状语从句的连词有：though,although,evenif/though,however,nomatterhow,nomatterwhat,nomatterwho等。（1）though,although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用，都可与yet,still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。Although/Thoughhewaswornout,(still)hekeptonworking.Although/Thoughheisveryold,(yet)heisquitestrong.18 注意：though引导的让步状语从句还可位于主句主句之后。 Shepassedtheexaminationthoughshehadnotstudiedveryhard.（2）as表示“虽然……但是”，“纵使……”之意。 as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，though间或也用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。Objectas/thoughyoumay,I’llgo.(=Though/Althoughyoumayobject,I’llgo.) Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.(=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.) Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.（=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.）（3）evenif,eventhough表示“即使……”，“纵使……”之意。 意思基本相同,常可互换使用，但意义有细微差别。evenif引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，而eventhough引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的。We’llmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)（4）whether...or...表示“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”之意。 You'llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou'refreeorbusy. Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.（5）“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”为“……都……；不管……都……”， Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.(=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.)Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.(=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.注意：“nomatter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.I'lleatwhatever(≠nomatterwhat)yougiveme.练习题1Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuit____theseason.AwhateverBwhereverCwheneverDhowever18 2Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,____theyknewittobevaluable.AasifBnowthatCeventhoughDsothat3____Ireallydon'tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.AAsBSinceCIf DWhile4____hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.ASinceBUnlessCAsDAlthough5____Ihavesomesympathyforthem,Idon'tthinktheyarerighttodoso.AAsBIfCWhileDWhen6____theCustomsOffice,hewillhavetodeclarethissortofthingshecarrieswithhimtotheCustomsOfficer.ANomatterwhowillcomethroughBwhocomethroughCNomatterwhomcomesthroughDWhoevercomesthrough7Whatatightvolleyballgame!Welostit____wealltriedourbest.AbecauseBthoughCuntilDunless8Thisisaveryinterestingbook.I'llbuyit,____.AhowmuchmayitcostBnomatterhowitmaycostChowevermuchitmaycostDhowmayitcost9Allpeople,____theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.AevenifBwhetherCnomatterDhowever10Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,____theyaredifferentfromyourown.AuntilBevenifCunlessDasthough11____wellpreparedyouare,you stillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.AHoweverBWhateverCNomatterDAlthough12____hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.AWhateverBWheneverCWhereverDHowever13____theInternetisofgreathelp,Idon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.AIfBWhileCBecauseDAs18 14____youdecidetospendyourholidays,onethingiscertain,youwillgettoyourdestination,freshandsafe.AWhateverBWhoeverCWhereverDWhichever15____,Icouldnotmemorizethetext. AHoweverharddidItryBHoweverhadItriedCHoweverItriedhardDHoweverIhadtriedhard四．原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有：because,since,as,nowthat,consideringthat,forthereasonthat,duetothefactthat,owingtothefactthat等1.because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，语气最强，通常用于回答why引导的疑问句。IdoitbecauseIlikeit.2.since，asseeing(that)，now(that)，considering(that)，inthat表示“既然，由于”。As/Sinceyouarenotverywell,youhadbetterhavearest.Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,there’snoreasonthatweshouldnowhelphim.Now(that)youaregrownup,youshouldnotrelyonyourparents.Considering(that)everybodyishere,let’sbeginourdiscussion.Inthatheisill,hefeelsunabletodoit.18 3．For表示原因关系，对前面内容的推断或猜测。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetnow.练习题1.____you’vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas2.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,____hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.ForC.ButD.or3.Amancannotsmilelikeachild,____achildsmileswithhiseyes,whileamansmileswithhislipsalone.A.SoB.ButC.andD.for4.Ididn’tgoIwasafraid.A.SinceB.ForC.BecauseD.Though5.itwasraining,westayedathome.A.because,soB.because,/C.because,forD.if,so6.Isaidnothingaboutithiswifewasthere.A.sinceB.sothatC.becauseD.unless 7.theweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.After8.itisraining,you’dbettertakeataxi.A.beforeB.asC.tillD.after9.Youshouldn’tgetangryjustsomepeoplespeakillofyou.A.sinceB.sothatC.becauseD.unless10.youarehere,you’dbetterstay.A.beforeB.NowthatC.tillD.after11.Ihurried________Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.18 A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless12.IsawMr.SmithlastSunday.Wehadnotseeneachother________IleftLondon. A.asB.beforeC.sinceD.till13.________youaresoweak,you’dbetterstayathome. A.SinceB.ForC.BecauseD.Though14.I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime____Briangetback.A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after15.—DidyoureturnFred’scall?—Ididn’tneedto____I’llseehimtomorrow.A.thoughB.unlessC.whenD.Because五目的状语从句1.概念：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。2.引导目的状语从句常用的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,lest,incase,forfearthat等。3.目的状语从句的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情态动词。Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.六结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：sothat,so…that,such…that等Heissoyoungthathecannotgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecannotgotoschool.18 区别：1.so...that和such…that的区别so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词,such修饰名词TheboyransofastthatIcouldn'tcatchhim.=Theboyrantoofastformetocatch.Shehassuchacutebabythatsheisquitehappy.注意：当名词前有many、much、(a)few、(a)little等词修饰时，句子中要用“so...that...”而不能用“such...that...”。Hehassomuchmoneythathecanbuywhathewants.I'vehadsomanyfallsthatIhavepainshereandthere.2.sothat...(以便/为了……)，引导目的状语从句。IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchtheearlybus.Pleaseopenthewindowsothatwecanbreathefreshair.Youmustgonowsothatyouwon'tbelate.练习题1.Heleftin___ahurry___heforgottolockthedoor.A.such,thatB.so,thatC.such,asD.so,when2.Youmustimproveyourstudymethod_____youmaymakeprogressinyourstudies.A.soastoB.inordertoC.soD.inorderthat3.ThePrimeMinistergottotheplatformandsatdown,____toanswerthequestions.A.preparingB.beingpreparingC.preparedD.toprepare4.Theydemandedariseintheirwages___upforthe____costofliving.A.tomake,increaseB.made,increasedC.tobemade,increasingD.making,increasing5.---Whydidyoumovethetableoverthere?---____thenewsofa.A.TomakeroomforB.ShareroomwithC.GivenroomtoD.Savingroomfor6.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept7.---I’llthankyou____myaffairsalone.18 ---Iwill.It’snoneofmybusiness.A.leavingB.nottoleaveC.forhavingleftD.toleave8.Not____faithinhimself,thescientistwentonwiththeresearch.A.losingB.toloseC.lostD.tobelost9.AfterthatheexpectedTom____itwithout____how.A.todo,tellingB.doing,toldC.todo,beingtoldD.doing,tobetold10.Iprefer____to____.Prefersthtosth,prefertodoshratherthandosthA.todrive,ratherthanbeingdrivenB.todrive,bedrivenC.drive,beingdrivenD.driving,beingdriven11.“Doyouhaveanything____toyourson?I’mgoingtoBeijing.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takenD.tobring12.WhenIcamein,thestudentspretended____busy____theirEnglishhomework.A.tobe,withdoingB.tobe,doingC.being,todoD.being,doing13.Theyadvisedus____tiemachineimmediately.A.tosetaboutmakingB.settingabouttomakeC.settingaboutmakingD.tosetabouttomake14.Farmersrotate(轮作)theircrops_____thesoilwillremainfertile.A.sothatB.becauseofC.inordertoD.ratherthan15.Speaktohimslowly____hemayunderstandyoubetter.A.sinceB.sothatC.forD.because16.Itwas____ahundredpeoplelookedlostinit.A.solargearoomthatB.solargeroomC.asuchlargeroomD.suchlargearoom17.Hehas____littleeducationthathecan’tteach____littlechildren.A.so;suchB.too;suchC.a;soD.very;so18.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only____thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told18 18.Youweresillynot_____yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked19.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake20.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionsneed_____.A.that…tobeimprovedB.which…tobeimprovedC.where…improvingD.when…improving21.Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settleB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled22.Heletmerepeathisinstruction____surethatIunderstoodwhatwas____afterhewentaway.A.tomake;tobedoneB.making;doingC.tomake;todoD.making;todo23.–Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.--Imeant___,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso24.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearule____.A.toneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking25.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone26.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned27.Weagreed_____here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.learning28.Thelittletimewehavetogetherwetry____wisely.A.spendingitB.tospenditC.tospendD.spendingthat18 18.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning七比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的连词有：as…as,than,notso…as,themore…themore等HespeaksEnglishasfluentlyashisbrother(does)Ican’tjumpso/ashighashe(does)Therearemoreworkersinthisfactorythanintheonenexttoit.Themoreyouread,themoreinteresting,youwillfindthenovelis.连接词than可作为关系代词用。 如：HewrotemorethanwasnecessaryDon’tcarrymoremoneythanisneeded八．地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有:where,wherever以及where构成的复合词等Shefoundhercalculatorwhereshelostit.WhereverIam,Iwillmissyou.注意：IhappenedtoseeyourdictionaryliewhereIuseditlasttime.IhappenedtoseeyourdictionarylieinthelabwhereIuseditlasttime.九方式状语从句1.引导方式状语从句的连接词有as,justas,asif/though（一般用虚拟语气， 也有用直陈语气的）等。Justdoasyouaretold.Theworkerswentonworkingasifnothinghadhappened.Hetalkedtothegirlasthoughhehadfalleninlovewithher.2.在justas---,so---结构中，意为“正如” Justassomepeoplelikesports,sosomepeoplelikemusic.3.theway也可引导方式状语从句 。 18 EG：youshouldoperatethemachinethewayIdo.中考状语从句专项练习题( )1Themeetingdidn'tstart___everyonewasthere.A.because B.until C.why D.if( )2He___home___shewassatisfied___hisansweryesterday.A.didn'tgo;until;with B.wasn'tgo;after;toC.doesn'tgo;before;with D.didn'tgo;until;to( )3Tomwillcallmeassoonashe___Shanghai.A.arrivesB.willreachC.arrivesinD.getto( )4.I'msurehe'llcometoseemebeforehe___Beijing.A.willleave B.isleaving C.leave D.leaves( )5.Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashe___back.A.come B.comes C.willcome D.came( )6.Tomhasgotawatch.He___itfortwoyears.It_______byhisfather.A.hasbought;wasbought B.hasgot;isbought,C.wasbought;hasbought. D.hashad;wasbought"'( )7Whenhegottothestation,thetrain___.A.left B.hadleft C.leaves D.hasleft( )8.Theboytoldhisfatherwhathe___inthestreet.A.saw B.haveseen C.hadseen D.see( )9.We___TVwhenthetelephone____.A.watched;wasringing B.werewatching;rang C.watch;rings D.arewatching;rang( )10.Bytheendoflastterm,I___tenbooks.A.hadfinishedreading B.havefinishreading 18 C.hadfinishtoread D.finishread( )11.I___youforalongtime.Where___you___?A.didn'tsee;did;go B.didn'tsee;have;goneC.haven'tseen;have;been D.haven'tseen;have;gone( )12.Tom___Chinafor3years.A.hasbeen B.hasbeenin C.hasbeento D.hasbeenat( )13.Iwon'tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI___myticket.A.lost B.havelost C.willlose D.didn'tlose( )14-Hello!MayIspeaktoBob? -Sorry,buthe___foramonth.A.hadbeenaway B.wasleft C.left D.hasbeenaway( )15.I___himsinceIbegantoliveinthecity.A.know B.haveknown C.knew D.willknow( )16.ZhaoLan___already___inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;study C.has;studied D.are;studying( )17.Bettydidn'tgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.A.because B.but C.until D.if( )18.MayIsitnearer___Icanseemoreclearly?A.asif B.sothat C.evenif D.so( )19.___youworkhard,youwillcertainlysucceed.A.Though B.If C.Because D.For( )20.___hecametostudyintheuniversity,hehasmademuchprogressinthestudyofEnglish.A.While B.When C.Since D.After( )21.I'dliketogoswimming_____thewaterisnottoocold.A.for B.unless C.if D.whether( )22.Thereare___manyleaguemembersinclass2___inClass4.A.both;and B.so;that C.either;or D.as;as( )23.-Doyouhaveabiglibrary? -No,wedon't.Atleast,not___yours.A.asbigas B.asbigthan 18 C.asbiggerthan D.biggeras( )24.Suzhouisnot____beautiful____Hangzhou.A.as;than B.so;as C.even;than D./;than( )25.Ironismoreuseful___anyothermetal.A.as B.than C.then D.so( )26.Iwanttoknow___sheisgoingtoseeafilm.A.if B.that C.what D.which( )27.___youstudyharder,you'llneverpassthefinalexam.A.If B.Until C.Unless D.Except( )28.Althoughitwasraining,_____stillworkedinthefields.A.butthey B.andthey C.they D.andyetthey( )29.___therewereonlyfivesoldiersleftatthefront,___theywentonfighting.A.Because;so B.If;and C.Though;but D.Though;/( )30.Pleaseanswerthequestioninaloudenoughvoice___alltheclassmayhear.A.so,that B.or C.inorderthat D.and18
