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CulturalDivision-TaipeiRepresentativeOfficeinBelgiumWhat'sNew|Education|StudyinBelgium|Universities|StudentAssociations|Links TheChallengesofEarlyBilingualEducationinBelgiumLinguistically,Belgiumisacomplexcountry.Officiallyitisatrilingualcountry,wherethreelanguages-Dutch,FrenchandGerman-enjoyequalitywhichisguaranteedbyaseriesoflanguagelaws.Oftheapproximately10millioninhabitants,60%areDutchspeakers,whereasFrenchistheofficiallanguageofsome40%oftheBelgianpopulation.Onlyaminorityofsome67,000inhabitantsoftheEasternCantonsspeaksGerman.Despitethepresenceofthesethreeofficiallanguages,onlyasmallareaofthecountryaroundBrusselsisofficially'bilingual'(French/Dutch),sinceBelgiumhasoptedforterritorialunilingualism.SoFlandersintheNorthandWalloniaintheSouthfunctionasmonolingualentities,eachofthempayinglessandlessattentiontothelanguageoftheother.ThislinguisticsituationisfurthercomplicatedbythepresenceofavastmultilingualpopulationworkingintheEuropeanadministrationandinternationalbusinesscentresintheBrusselsarea.Addtothisthepresenceof10%ofthepopulationwhoareimmigrantminoritiesspeakingdifferenthomelanguages,andyoucanimaginetheenormouslinguisticchallengefacingearlyeducationinBelgium.AseducationisnotafederalmatterinBelgium,thetwocommunities,FrenchandFlemish,havedevelopeddifferentlanguageeducationpolicies,butthebasicprinciplegoverningeducationalpolicyistheofficialLanguageLawof30July1963,statingthat"thelanguageofeducationisDutchintheDutch-speakingarea,FrenchintheFrench-speakingareaandGermanintheGerman-speakingarea".ForthedistrictofBrussels-Capital,thesamelawstatesthat"thelanguageofeducationiseitherDutchorFrenchaccordingtothechoiceoftheheadofthefamily". WhatabouttheteachingoftheofficialsecondlanguageinthetwoCommunities?IntheFlemishcommunitythesecondofficiallanguage,French,istaughtinprimaryschoolfromthe5thyearon,foratmostthreehoursaweek.Thismeansthatthereisnoofficialbilingualeducation,andcertainlynocontentandlanguageintegratedlearningintheDutch-speakingarea.WhatactuallyhappensisthatFrenchspeakingchildrenorminoritychildrenenteringDutch-speakingeducationfindthemselvesinakindof'immersion',orrather'submersion',situation,astheyhavetofollowthelessonsintheirsecondlanguagetogetherwithnativespeakersofthatlanguage.Still,alotoftheFrenchspeakingparents,especiallyintheBrusselsarea,choosethisformof'immersion'educationfortheirchildrenasakindofsubstitutesubjectteachinginthesecondlanguage.Somechildrencancopewiththisdrastic'sinkorswim'immersionandfinallybecomebilingual;otherscannotandgothroughapainfulexperience.In1998,theFrenchCommunityenactedanewlanguagepolicy.TheministerofFrencheducationproposedanewdecreewhichfostersearlybilingualisminFrenchprimaryschools.Since1998,twohoursofthesecondlanguageareimperativeinthe5thand6thyearsofprimaryschool.ThechoiceofthatsecondlanguageisnotnecessarilyDutch,aswouldbeexpectedinanofficiallybilingualcountry,butmaybeDutch,EnglishorGerman.Thenewdecreealsotriestofosterbilingualeducationbyprovidingthepossibilityforaschooltoteach-ifitsodesires-somecoursesofthecurriculuminalanguageotherthanFrench.Thepartofthecurriculumthatmaybeofferedinimmersioneducationmayvaryfromhalftothreequartersofthelessonsfromthethirdyearofkindergartentothesecondyearofprimaryschool,andbetweenonequarterandtwothirdsbetweenthethirdandsixthyearsofprimaryschool.Thetroublewiththisnewdecreeisthat,firstofall,itwillnotwarrantabetterknowledgeofthesecondlanguageofthecountry,andsecondlythattheintroductionofthisnewpolicyhasnotbeenpreparedinteachertraining,andthathenceteachersarenotyetequippedforthisnewchallenge.Inreality,notmanyschoolsofferimmersioneducation(accordingtoofficialnumbers—someschoolsmighthaveimplementedimmersioneducationwithoutdemandingpermissionfromtheauthorities—nonein1998-1999,9in1999-2000,howmanysincethen?) 1. Whatisthebestageforteachingaforeignlanguage?Merits,drawbacksofteachingaforeignlanguageatanearliertime.2. Doesteachingaforeignlanguageatanearlyageinterferewithlearningthemothertongue?Therearealwaysdifferentschoolsofthought.3. DefinitionofbilingualisminBelgiumThecorrectterminEnglishis“contentandlanguageintegratedlearning”(CLIL).Itmeans(1)thatpartofthecurriculumistaughtinadifferentlanguagethanthemothertongue,(2)thatsubjectmatteristaughtinadifferentlanguagethanthemothertongue,and(3)that(traditional)languageteachingcontinuestoplayarolealthoughadaptedtothespecificmultilinguallearningsituation.ContactPietVandeCraen,VrijeUniversiteitBrussel,DepartmentofGermanicLanguagespvdcraen@vub.ac.bewroteapaperforUNESCOonContentandLanguageIntegratedLearning.LudoBeheydt,UniversitécatholiquedeLouvain,Ifinterested,wecouldcontacthimandseeifhewouldbewillingtooffersomeinsightstoMinistryofEducation.Mr.Sabbe(vakantietotSeptember)beleidsvoorbereidingbasisscholen http://www.eurydice.org/Documents/Flt/En/FrameSet.htmhttp://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/edulex/zoekoptaalwetgeving02/5539249LuikkleuterjarenexperimentinSeptember2001intensiefonderdompelendtaalbad.Aandetaalwetgevinggebondenendusnietmogelijkinvlaanderen,isdenorm,eindtermen(maatstavenkennisfransnahetbasisonderwijs).Maarelkeschoolheeftvrijheidpakketsamentestellen.Dienstvooronderwijsontwikkeling,studiesivmdezezaak,verantwoordelijkevoorbasisonderwijsWoutersMarleen02/5538832(vakantie),MagdaBons(infoencommunicatie)02/8829secretariat02/8816
