a garden of poems

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UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2AUNITFOURAGARDENOFPOEMSI.BriefStatementsBasedontheUnitDoyoulikepoetry?Haveyoureadalimerick?ThewholecontentsofUnit4areaboutpoetry.Fourseparatepartsconsistofthisunit.First,thesimplequestionsbringthestudentsbacktothepoems,songsandrhymestheyhavelearned.Byrecitingthem,thestudentswillbestruckbythewordsandcolorfulmeaningofsomepoems.Thentheyarearrangedtoreadandenjoyaspecial,funnypoem-alimerick,listentoapassageaboutpoemsandtalkaboutallkindsofpoemswrittenbysomegreatmasters.Thiswillgreatlyraisethestudents'interestsaboutpoems.TheywillbesuretowantfurtherinformationaboutEnglishpoems.Thetext“EnglishPoetry”describestheadvantagesofreadingpoems.PlentyofdetailedinformationaboutthehistoryanddevelopmentofEnglishpoemsisalsogiveninthetext.ThecomparisonofEnglishandChinesepoemsshowsusaclearpictureofthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenthepoemsofthetwocountries.Thetextsingshighpraiseforthetwogreattranslators--LuXunandGuoMoruo.However,attheendofthetext,thewritertellsusthatsomethingofthespiritoftheoriginalworksislostintranslatedworks.Thismeansthatweshouldreadoriginalworksinsteadoftranslatedonesasmanyaspossible.Plentyofexercisesbeforeandafterthetextgetthestudentstounderstandthewholetextandgraspitsdetailedinformation.Thethirdpartismainlyaboutpastparticipleusedasattributeandadverbial.Throughdifferentkindsofexercisesthestudentscanmasterthispartwell.Attheendofthisunit,asimplebutinterestingpassagetellsusalotandgivesusaperfectanswertothequestionwhypeoplereadandsometimesevenwritepoetry.Asimpleandpracticalwaytoenjoythepoemsisshowntous.Thiswillencouragemorestudentstojoininthelearningandappreciatingpoetry.Thestudentswillimprovetheirabilitytolisten,speak,readandwriteaswellaslearningplentyofusefulwordsandexpressionsaftertheylearntheunit.II．TeachingGoals1.TalkaboutEnglishpoetry.2.Practiceexpressingintentionanddecision.3.LearnaboutthePastParticipleusedasAdverbial.4.Writeaboutapoem.III.TeachingTime:FiveperiodsIV.BackgroundInformation1.Shakespeare---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2AForanyEnglishman,therecanneverbeanydiscussionastowhoistheworld'sgreatestpoetandgreatestdramatist.Onlyonenamecanpossiblysuggestitselftohim:thatofWilliamShakespeare.EveryEnglishmanhassomeknowledge,howeverslight,oftheworkofourgreatestwriter.Allofususewords,phrasesandquotationsfromShakespeare'swritingsthathavebecomepartofthecommonpropertyofEnglish-speakingpeople.Mostofthetimeweareprobablyunawareofthesourceofthewordsweuse.RatherliketheoldladywhowastakentoseeaperformanceofHamletandcomplainedthatitwasfullofwell-knownproverbsandquotations!Shakespeare,moreperhapsthananyotherwriter,madefulluseofthegreatresourcesoftheEnglishlanguage.MostofususeaboutfivethousandwordsinournormalemploymentofEnglish;Shakespeareinhisworksusedabouttwenty-fivethousand!Thereisprobablynobetterwayforaforeigner(oranEnglishman)toappreciatetherichnessandvarietyoftheEnglishlanguagethanbystudyingthevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareusedit.Suchastudyiswellworththeeffort(itisnot,ofcourse,recommendedtobeginners),eventhoughsomeaspectsofEnglishusage,andthemeaningofmanywords,havechangedsinceShakespeare'sday.ItisparadoxicalthatweshouldknowcomparativelylittleaboutthelifeofthegreatestEnglishauthor.WeknowthatShakespearewasbornin1564inStratford-on-Avonandhediedtherein1616.HealmostcertainlyattendedtheGrammarSchoolinthetown,butofthiswecannotbesure.Weknowhewasmarriedtherein1582toAnneHathawayandthathehadthreechildren,aboyandtwogirls.WeknowthathespentmuchofhislifeinLondonwritinghismasterpieces.Butthisisalmostallthatwedoknow.However,whatisimportantaboutShakespeare'slifeisnotitsincidentaldetailsbuthisproducts,theplaysandthepoems.FormanyyearsscholarshavebeentryingtoaddafewfactsaboutShakespeare'slifetothesmallnumberwealreadypossessandforanequallylongtimecriticshavebeentheorizingabouttheplays.Sometimes,indeed,itseemsthatthepoetryofShakespearewilldisappearbeneaththegreatmassofcommentthathasbeenwrittenuponit.Fortunatelythisisnotlikelytohappen.Shakespeare'spoetryandShakespeare'speople(Macbeth,Othello,Hamlet,Falstaffandtheothers)havelongdelightednotjusttheEnglishbutloversofliteratureeverywhere,andwillcontinuetodosoafterthescholarsandcommentatorsandalltheirworkshavebeenforgotten.2.AboutShakespeare'sPlaysWilliamShakespeare(1564～1616),Englishdramatistandpoet,isregardedbymanypeopleasthegreatestEnglishwriterofalltime.Hewrotehisfirstplaywhenhewastwenty-sixyearsold.Withinabouttwenty-twoyearsofthiswritingcareer,hegavetotheworldnearlyfortyplays,includingcomedies,historiesandtragedies.Ofallhisplays,“Hamlet”isperhapsthebestknown.Hisplays,writteninthelate16thandearly17thcenturiesforasmalltheatre,aretodayperformedmoreoftenandinmorecountriesthaneverbefore.Manyofthewordsfirstusedbyhim,andmanyofhisexpressionshavebecomeeverydayusageinEnglishspeechandwriting.OfShakespeare'splayshavecomedowntous.Theirprobablechronologicalorderisarrangedasfollows：◆TheFirstPeriod(1590～1600)---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2A1590--HenryVI,PartI./HenryVI,PartII.1591--HenryVI,PartIII.1592--RichardIII./TheComedyofErrors.1593--TitusAndronicus./TheTamingoftheShrew.1594--TheTwoGentlemenofVerona./Love'sLabour'sLost./RomeoandJuliet.1595--RichardII/AMid-summerNight'sDream.1596--KingJohn./TheMerchantofVenice.1597--HenryIV,PartI./HenryIV,PartII.1598--MuchAdoAboutNothing./HenryV./TheMerryWivesofWindsor.1599--JuliusCaesar./AsYouLikeIt.1600--TwelfthNight./◆TheSecondPeriod(1601～1608):1601--Hamlet.1602--TroilusandCressida./All'sWellThatEndsWell.1604--MeasureforMeasure./Othello.1605--KingLear./Macbeth.1606--AntonyandCleopatra.1607--Coriolanus./TimonofAthens.1608--Pericles.◆TheThirdperiod(1609～1612):1609--Cymbeline.1610---TheWinter'sTale.1612--TheTempest./HenryVIII.TheFirstPeriodTeachingImportantPoints:1.Howtogetthestudentstograspthemainideaofapassagebylistening.2.Howtoimprovethestudents'speakingability.TeachingDifficultPoint:Howtodirectthestudentstograspthedetailedinformationtofinishthelisteningtask.TeachingProcedures:StepIGreetingsandRevision◆Takeoutyourexercise-books.Let'scheckyourhomework.Thenlearnthenewwordsofthisperiodtogether.StepIIWarmingup---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2A◆Doyoulikepoetry,boysandgirls?Whydoyoulikeit?Orwhynot?◇Ilearnagreatdealfrompoetry.WhenIwasasmallchild,mymothertaughtmethepoem:锄禾日当午，汗滴禾下土。谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。Andsheexplainedthemeaningofit.Iknowfromalittlechildthatgraincomesfrompainsandweshouldnotwastewhateverweeat.◇Idon'tlikepoetryverymuch,becauseIhadabadmemorywhenIwasasmallchild.Iliketomakesomething.◆WhatEnglishpoems,songwordsorrhymeshaveyouread?Canyoureciteany?◇I'vereadsomeEnglishpoemswhenIwasinJuniorMiddleSchool.Anditislikethis:ILovetheSunIlovethesun,Ilovethespring,Ilovethebirds,Thatgailysing.Ilovemyschool,Ilovemyplay.AndIloveall,Thatisniceandgay.◇IrememberI'vereadapoemaboutthenamesofthemonths.Itis:ThirtydayshaveSeptember.April,JuneandNovember,Alltheresthavethirty-one,ExceptingFebruaryalone,Andthathastwenty-eightdaysclear,Andtwentynineineachleapyear.◆NowturntoPage25.Dothethirdpart.Doyouknow“打油诗”?InEnglishlimerickislike“打油诗”inChinese.Itisaspecial,funnypoemandiswrittenjusttomakepeoplelaugh.Readthetwolimericksandenjoythem.(Studentsreadthepoemstogetherandatlasttwostudentsareaskedtoreadthem.)◇Thereoncewasaveryfatlady,whowantedtotravelfromCorfu(anislandbelongingtoGreece)toPeru(acountryonthenortheastcoastofLatinAmerica).Butshewassofatthatshecouldnotgetonanybus,trainoraeroplane.Soinfact,shecouldnotgoanywhere.◇ThereoncewasaforeignteacherfromSingapore,whocametoteachinChina,butafterashortwhilethestudentsfoundoutthatthismanwascrazy.◆Whatisthepatternofeachpoem?“pattern”means“格调”.◇Mosttypesofpoemshaveacertainpatternandcharacteristics.Alimerickismadeupof5lines.Usually,lines1,2and5rhyme,whilelines3and4alsorhyme.Thefirsttwolinesoftenhaveabout7syllables,thenexttwolinesfewerandthelastlinemore,butthenumbersarenotfixed.◇Thefirstlinealwaysintroducesacertainpersonfromacertainplace.Thesecondlineusuallygivessomespecialinformationorawishofthatperson.Thethirdandthefourthlinedescribesomecomplicationordifficultyandthelastlineisthepunchline:itrevealswhat’swrong.ButLimericksneverhavetheintentiontoinsultpeoplefromthoseplaces.◆Whatwordswillyouneedtotalkaboutpoetsandpoetry?◇Totalkaboutpoetsandpoetry,weoftenusethewords：good,bad,interesting,funny,dull,---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2Ameaningful,meaningless,moving,instructive,encouraging,makemehappy,sad,etc.◆Whatphrasesdoyouthinkwillbeusefulwhenyouexpressyourintentionsandreachdecisions?◇Whenwewanttoexpressourintentions,weoftensay:I'mgoingto…;Iintend/mean/planto…;Iwill…;Ifeellike(doingsth.)…;I'dliketo…;I'mreadyto…;Iwouldrathernot…etc.◇Whenwewanttoreachdecisions,weoftenuse:Inmyopinion,weshould…;What'syouropinion?Ithink/believe/supposeweshould…;Idon'tthinkit'snecessaryto…;Wemustdecide…;Ihopewecanreach/cometo/arriveat/take/makeadecision,etc.StepIIIListening◆Nowlet'sdoListening.PleaseturntoPage25andreadtheinstructionsfirst.Doyouknowwhatyoushoulddoafteryoulistentothetape?◆NowI'llplaythetape.WhenIplayitforthefirsttime,doEx.1,please.WhenIplayitforthesecondtime,doEx.2.Ifyouhaveanythingyoudon'thearclearly,pleaseletmeknow.Attheendoflistening,I'llplaythetapeoncemoreandgiveyouenoughtimetocheckyouranswers.Thencheckyouranswerswithyourpartner.I'llaskoneortwostudentstogiveustheiranswersatlast.DoyouunderstandwhatI'vesaid?StepIVSpeaking◆Let'sdospeaking.PleaseopenyourbooksonPage26.Therearefourcirclesonthispage.Eachcirclelistssomeinformationaboutpoems.Theyaretopicsforpoems,periodsoftime,groupsornamesofpoetsandhumanfeelingshowninpoems.Askyourpartnerwhatkindofpoetryheorshemightwanttoread.Chooseawordfromeachcircleandexplainwhyyouwanttoreadapoemlikethatornot.Workingroupsorpairs.Haveadiscussionandmakeupadialoguetoexpresswhatyouwanttosay.Theusefulexpressionsintheboxmightbehelpfultoyou:I'minterestedto…but…Ithinkitwillbetoodifficultto…IthinkImightwantto…Ithinkitwillbeboring…Iwantto…I'mveryinterestedin…so…I'dliketo…I'mnotveryinterestedin…so…I'veneverheardof…so…Ihopetofind…I'veneverreadany…so…Idon'tknowmuchabout…but…◆(Afterafewminutes.)Haveyoufinished?Nowwhowilltellusyouropinions?Volunteers?◇Sampledialogue1:A:Whatkindofpoetrydoyouliketoread?B:Iliketoreadpoemsaboutnature.A:Whyareyouinterestedtoreadsuchpoems?B:WhenIreadthiskindofpoem,itseemsthatIwasinadifferentworld.Thethingsdescribedinthepoemseemtoberealones.Theyseemtobearoundme.Ifeelthemandenjoythem.A:Whatkindofpoemsareyounotinterestedin?B:I'mnotinterestedinpoemsaboutpets.WehavealotofimportantthingstodoandIthinkIhavenotimetohavepets.Whataboutyou?A:I'minterestedinpoemsabouthumour,becauseitcanbringhappinesstous.Alltheunhappy---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2Athingsaregonewiththelaughter.◇Sampledialogue2:A:Iknowthatyoucanreciteplentyofpoems.Canyoutellmewhatkindofpoemsyoulike?B:IlikethepoemsbyLiBai,especiallytheonestodescribenature.A:Forwhatreasondoyoulikethem?B:WhenIreadthem,Ifeelcomfortable.Apoemofhisisabeautifulpicturehangingbeforeus.IwouldgointothepictureasIreadthem.A:Whatkindofpoemsareyounotinterestedin?B:Poemsaboutbrokenhearts.Theymakemesad.What'syouropinion?A:IlikethepoemsabouttheseaandIdon'tliketheonesaboutdeathandbrokenhearts.B:Justlikeme!StepVSummaryandHomework◆Inthisperiod,ourtopicisaboutpoems.Wehavetalkedalotaboutpoems.Whatkindofpoemsdoyoulike?Thisisaninterestingtopic.Afterclass,goonwithyoutopicsanddiscussion.Youcanusetheexpressionswejustmentioned.That'sallfortoday.TheSecondPeriodTeachingImportantPoints:1.Theusagesofsomeusefulwordsandexpressions.2.ThesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheChineseandEnglishpoetsandpoems.TeachingDifficultPoint:Howtograspandrememberthedetailedinformationofthereadingmaterial.TeachingProcedures:StepIGreetingsandRevision◆Teachergreetsthewholeclassasusualandchecksthestudents'homework.Thenteacherandthestudentslearnthenewwordsofthisperiodtogether.StepIIPre-reading◆CanyounamesomefamousChinesepoets?Canyoureciteanyoftheirpoems?◇WangWei,DuFu,LiBai,BaiJuyi,etc.◆Writdownfivekeywordsthatyouwouldexpecttofindinatextaboutpoetry.◇Poem,poet,rhyme,style,image(literature,language,form,line).◆Scanthetextandthencheckwhetherthefivekeywordsarementionedinthetext.SomeEnglishpoetryremindsreadersofChinesepoetry.WhosepoetryremindsChinesereadersofDuFuorLiBai?WhoseofSuDongpo?◇ThestyleandatmosphereinthepoemsbyWordsworth,Byron,ShellyandKeatsoftenremind---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2AreadersofDuFuandLiBai.TheworksbyDonneandMarvellremindsChinesereadersofSuDongpo.StepIIICareful-reading◆Nowreadthetextagain,andtrytograspasmuchdetailedinformationasyoucan.Thenchoosethebestanswerforeachofthefollowingquestions:1.ModernEnglishcameintobeingfromaboutthemiddleofthe_____century.A.16thB.17thC.18thD.19th2.ThepoetryofMarvellremindsChinesereadersofthepoemsby_______.A.DuFuB.LiBaiC.SuDongpoD.GouMoruo3.Byron's“IslesofGreece”isanexampleof_______.A.asonnetB.romanticpoetryC.naturepoetryD.modernpoetry4.ThewiderpublicinChinadiscoveredEnglishpoetryatthebeginningofthe_________century.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20th5.TheadvantageofreadingEnglishpoetryinChinesetranslationis______.A.thatyouhavemoreadviceB.thatsomethingofthespiritislostC.thatyouunderstanditbetterD.thatyoulearnhowtoexpressyourselfinnewways◇Suggestedanswers:1.A2.C3.B4.D5.C◆Bytheway,haveyounoticedthattherearesomeboldwordsinthetext?Readthetextagainandfindoutwhatthewordsinboldreferto.Ifnecessary,youcanhaveadiscussionwithyourpartner.Someminuteslater,we'llchecktheanswers.◇“That”inthefirstparagraphrefersto“poetryplayswithsounds,wordsandgrammar”.◇“Its”inthefourthparagraphrefersto“theEnglishpoetry’s”.◇“Their”refersto“Wordsworth’s,Byron'sandKeats’”.◇“They”inthesixthparagraphrefersto“modernpoets”.◇“They”inthethirdlinefromthebottomofthelastparagraphrefersto“poemsandliterature”.◆Therearesomelanguagepointsyoushouldpayattentionto.Readthesesentencesandtrytomastertheusagesofthewordsandphrases:1.playwith:Thelittleboyisplayingwithhisdolls.(Inthetext“playwiththesounds,wordsandgrammar”means“tousesounds,wordsandgrammarperfectly”.)2.callup:Icalledupmybrotherandtoldhimthegoodnews.Hewascalledupatthebeginningofthewar.3.despite:Hecametoschooldespite(inspiteof)hisseriousillness.4.time:Inhisspeech,heexpressedthefeelingsofthetime.5.belongto:TaiwanbelongstoChina.6.absence:Darknessistheabsenceoflight.7.remind...of...:Remindmeoftheletter.8.leadto:Differencesofopinionledtofiercearguments.9.comeintobeing:WhendidtheGreatWallcomeintobeing?◆Nowlet'slistentothetape.WhenIplayitforthefirsttime,justlisten.ThenI'llplayitforthe---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2Asecondtime.Thistime,youcanfollowitinalowvoice.Thenreadthetextaloud,payingattentiontoyourpronunciationandintonation.StepIVDiscussion◆NowpleaseturntoPage29,Post-reading4,5and6.Haveadiscussionaboutthem.Inaboutsomeminutes,I'llasksomeofyoutogiveustheanswers.◇4.Ifapoemistranslatedintoanotherlanguage,it'schangedabit.That'stosay,somethingofthespiritoftheoriginalworksislost.◇Let'scompareapoembyChaoZhiwithitstranslation:七步诗（曹植）煮豆燃豆萁，豆在釜中泣；“本是同根生，相煎何太急？”Theywereboilingbeansonabeanstalkfire,Cameaplaintivevoicefromthepot,“Whysincewesprangfromtheselfsameroot,Shouldyoukillmewithangerhot?”Fromthepoemabove,wecanfindthatwhenapoemistranslatedintoanotherlanguage,itsrhythmandrhyme,thefiguresofspeech,etc.aredifferentfromtheoriginalwork…◇5.TheycanbetiesthatbringtheEastandtheWesttogetherandbringpeopleclosertoeachother.Twootherimagestoexpressthatidea,foundinthetextare:Poetryopensdoors;Wecanembraceeachotherinpoetry.◇6.Itmeansthatwhenpeoplefromonecountryreadthepoemsfromanother,theywillbestruckbywhatisinsidethepoem,sotheywillunderstandeachotherandbecomegoodfriends.TheshortpoembyMuDanmeansthatourlifeislikethenight.Thewordsusedinpoetryarelikelampsthatlightup,andinthislightwecanmeetandembraceotherpeople,whomwewouldnothaveseeninthedark.StepVSummaryandHomework◆Todaywe'relearntatextaboutpoemsandpoets.Readthetextafterclassandcollectasmuchinformationaboutthethingsandpersonsmentionedinthetextaspossible.ThendoEx.3onPage29.Besides,we'velearntsomeusefulwordsandexpressions.Pleaserememberthewordsandexpressionsandmakesentenceswiththemwhenyouhavetime.That'sallfortoday.Classisover.TheThirdPeriodTeachingImportantPoints:1.HowtogetthestudentstomastertheusageofthePastParticiple.2.Howtodosentencetransformation.TeachingDifficultPoint:Thesentencetransformationbetweenaclauseandapastparticiplephrase.---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2ATeachingProcedures:StepIGreetingsandRevision◆Inthisclass,I'llcheckyourhomeworkfirst.Inthelastperiod,Itoldyoutomakeatimelinethatshowsthecenturieswhenthepoetswerelivingandtheirnames,includingalltheEnglishpoetsinthetextandsomeoftheChinesepoetsyouknow.Haveyoufinishedit?◇Englishpoets:Shakespeare(1564～1616)JohnDonne(1572～1631)JohnMilton(1608～1674)Marvell(1621～1678)AlexanderPope(1688～1744)Johnson(1709~1784)WilliamWordsworth(1770～1850)Byron(1788～1824)Shelly(1792～1822)Keats(1795～1821)Auden(1907～1973)◇Chinesepoets:LiBai(701～762)WangWei(701～761)DuFu(712～770)BaiJuyi(772～846)GuoMoruo(1892～1978)StepIIWordStudy◆PleaseturntoPage29.LookatWordStudy,Part1.Fillintheblankswithwordsinthetext.Haveadiscussionwithyourpartnerandthenwe'llchecktheanswers.◇Suggestedanswers:1.poem2.absence3.atmosphere4.glory5.poets6.translated◆Asweknow,ifwordsorlinesofpoetryendwiththesamesound,includingavowel,wecansaytheyrhyme.Whocangiveussomewordsthatrhyme?◇“horse”and“mouse”,“school”and“fool”.Theyallrhyme.◆Therearetwogroupsofwords.Pleasereadthemandmatchthewordsthatrhyme.GroupA:madtalegloryrecitecowshadeisleembraceGroupB:smilebaseafraidstoryploughfailgladnight◇lmad–glad;2tale–fail;3glory–story;4recite–night;5cow–plough;6shade–afraid;7isle–smile;8embrace–base.StepIIIGrammar(ThePastParticipleusedasAdverbial)◆Lookatthetwosentences.WhataretheirChinesemeanings?Andcanyouthinkofanotherwaytoexpresstheseideas?1.Oncepublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.2.Nomatterhowwelltranslated,somethingofthespiritoftheoriginalworkislost.◇Thefirstsentencemeans:一经出版，他的作品就因不押韵而著名。Itcanbeexpressedas:Onceit(=hiswork)waspublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.◇Thesecondmeans:即使翻译得再好，一经翻译，原作的一些精华就没有了。---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2AItcanbeexpressedas:Nomatterhowwellit(=theoriginalwork)istranslated,somethingofthespiritoftheoriginalworkislost.◆Fromthesentenceswe'vediscussed,weknowthatifthepastparticipleisusedasadverbial,wecanchangethemintotheadverbialclauses,whichhasthesamemeaning.NowturntoPage30.PleaselookatEx.1.Completeeachsentencebyusingthepastparticipleoftherightverb．Beforedoingthat，discussthemeaningsofthewordsinthebox?◇“build”means“建设”；“frighten”means“使惊恐”；“bite”means“咬”；“follow”means“跟随”;“shoot”means“开枪”；“see”means“看见”；“examine”means“检查”.◆Nowhaveadiscussioninpairsandusetheirproperforms.Whiledoingthis,talkaboutthemeaningofeachsentence．◇Suggestedanswers：1.Frightened2.followed3.examined4.Built5.Seen6.bitten7.shotStepIVPractice◆Lookatthetwosentences.Eachofthesentenceshasapastparticiple.Haveadiscussionaboutthemanddecidetheirfunctions．1.Thecastle,burneddownin1943,wasneverbuilt.2.Ifleftaloneonadesertedisland,whatwouldyoudotosurvive?◇Inthefirstsentencethepastparticiplephrase“burneddownin1943”isusedasattribute,modifyingthenoun“castle”.Themeaningofthewholesentenceis：1943年被夷为平地的那座城堡．再也没有重建。◇Inthesecondsentence,“1eftaloneonadesertedisland”isusedasadverbial,expressingcondition.Itmeans:如果你流落到一个荒凉的岛上，为了生存下去。你会怎么办呢?◆Now，lookatthefollowingfoursentencesanddiscussthefunctionofeachpastparticiplephraseinpairsorgroups.1.Theroom,connectedtotherestofthehousebyalongpassage，wascompletelyempty.2.Connectedtotherestofthehousebyalongpassage,theroomseemsveryquiet.3.Foldedinhispocket，theletterwasn'tfounduntiltwentyyearslater.4.Hewaswalkingaroundwiththeletterfoldedinhispocket.◇Inthefirstsentence,itisusedasattribute.Themeaningofthesentenceis：这个由一条长长的走廊和房子里的其他地方相连的屋子里面空无一物。Inthesecondsentence,thepastparticiplephraseisusedasadverbial,expressingthecause.Thesentencemeans：因为这个屋子是由一条长长的走廊和别的地方相连接的，所以它很安静。3.Adverbial．因为这封信是折叠起来放在他的口袋里的．所以直到二十年后才被发现。4.Attribute．他到处转悠口袋里装着一封折叠起来的信。StepVConsolidation◆LookattheexampleonPage30.Herearetwosentences.Theybothhavethesamemeaning,buttheiradverbialsareexpressedinthedifferentways.StudytheexampleandthenrewritethesentencesonPage31,usingaclausetosubstitutethepastparticiplephrase.◇Suggestedanswers:---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2A1.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.2.Ashewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.3.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.4.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.5.Asshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.6.Thoughshewasleftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.StepVISummaryandHomework◆Inthisclass,we'vetalkedaboutrhymeandtheuseofthepastparticiple.Thepastparticipleoftheverbcanbeusedasadverbialandattribute,suchas,“Once...”;“Thecastle...”.Wealsoknowthatthepastparticiplecanbeexpressedwithaclause,suchas“United...”(Teacherwritesthesentencesontheblackboard.1.Oncepublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.2.Thecastle,burneddownin1943,wasneverbuilt.3.United,westand;divided,wefall.=Ifweareunited,wewillfall;ifwearedivided,wewillfall.)Today'shomework:Joineachpairofthefollowingsentencestoformonesentence,usingthepastparticiple:1.MarywasshockedatwhatJackhadsaid.Shedidn'tknowwhattosayatfirst.2.Themirrorwasbroken.Themirrorwaslyingontheground.3.Iwentintothedarkroom.Iwasfollowedbymybestfriend.4.Theparkisthemostbeautifulplaceinthecity.ItwasdestroyedbythestormlastSunday.5.Thedogbarkedatus.Thedogwastiedtoapolebythedoor.6.Theyweresadtoseeaseaofflowers.Theflowerswerecoveredbytheheavysnow.7.Thescientistiswellknownforhisknowledge.Thescientistisabletohelptheworkerstogetoutoftheirdifficulty.8.Thecoinswerecollectedbymycousin.ThecoinsweremadeinTangDynasty.TheFourthPeriodTeachingImportantPoints:1.Theusagesoftheusefulwordsandexpressionslistedabove.2.HowtoenjoyEnglishpoems.TeachingDifficultPoint:HowtoenjoyEnglishpoems.TeachingProcedures:StepIGreetingsandRevision---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2A◆Inthelastperiod,Itoldyoutojoinsomepairsofsentences,usingthepastparticiple.Now,who'llgiveustheanswers?◇1.ShockedatwhatJackhadsaid,Marydidn'tknowwhattosayatfirst.2.Thebrokenmirrorwaslyingontheground.3.Iwentintothedarkroom,followedbymybestfriend.4.TheparkdestroyedbythestormlastSundayisthemostbeautifulplaceinthecity.5.Thedogtiedtoapolebythedoorbarkedatus.6.Theyweresadtoseeaseaofflowerscoveredbytheheavysnow.7.Wellknownforhisknowledge,thescientistisabletohelptheworkerstogetoutoftheirdifficulty.8.ThecoinscollectedbymycousinweremadeinTangDynasty.◆Learnthenewwordsofthisperiodtogether.StepIIReadingandComprehension◆Doyoulikesinging?Doyoulikepoems?Whydoyoulikethem?Doyouthinkthatpoemsandsongshaveanythingincommon?Nowlet'sreadapassageaboutsongsandpoems.You'llfindtheanswerstothequestionsabove.Pleasereaditfastandfindtheanswerstothefollowingquestions.PleasewritetheanswersonapieceofpaperandI'llcollectthefirstfivepieces.1.Howdoesthewriterfeelwhenheislisteningtomusicandtothesongwords?2.Whatkindoffeelinghashewhenthewriterlocksthedoorandreadspoemsaloud?◇1.Whenheislisteningtomusicandtothesongwords,hefeelsthatitwaswrittenforhim.◇2.Whenhelocksthedoorandreadsthepoemsaloud,heisgivenastrongfeelingatfirst.Whenhehassomepracticelaterandfallsintotherhythm,therhymeandthesoundsofthewords,itisaveryspecialexperience.◆Readthetextcarefullyandfindtheanswerstothefollowingquestions.l.Whyisthequestion“whyreadandsometimesevenwritepoetry”notdifficulttoanswerifwechangethewordpoetrytosongs?2.Whyaretheresongsthatthewritersingsinhisheadbetweenclassesandwhydoeshewanttosingwhentheschoolbellringsbytheendoftheday?3.Whatsongwordsdoesthewriterlike?4.Doesthewriterlikelongpoems?5.Whatdoesthewriterreadwhenhehashadabaddayatschool?6.Doyouhavethesamefeelingasthewriter?Doyouagreewithhim?◇1.Becausethewriterthinksthatpoemsandsongsarethesameandhesingswhenhefeelsgood.2.Becausebetweenclassesandwhentheschoolbellringsbytheendoftheday,he'llhaveafreetimeofhisown.Hecandowhathewantstodo,sohefeelsgoodandwantstosing.3.HelikessongwordsaboutloveandfriendshipandheespeciallylikestosinghisfavouritesongsinEnglish.4.Atfirst,hedidn'tlikepoetry.Thenane-palofhisgavehimsomesuggestionsaboutpoems.Now---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2Ahelikeslongpoemsverymuch.5.Whenhehashadabaddayatschool,hereadsKeats'poems.6.IagreewiththeauthorandIhavethesamefeelingashedoes,butIlikeshortpoemsmost.◆Whydoyoulikepoems?◇Becausepoemscanmakepeoplehappyandforgetalltheunhappythings.◆Doyouthinkthatpoemsandsongshaveanythingincommon?◇Yes.Ithinkso.Theyhavethesamegoodpoints.◆Therearesomeusefulwordsandexpressionsonit.Pleasereadthemandlearnthembyheart:1.change…to:HechangedthedatetoSep.11.2.getthrough:Igotthroughthebookinoneevening.Hegotthroughthefinalexams.3.extraordinary:Ihadanextraordinarydreamlastnight.4.avoid:Themantriedtoavoidansweringhim.5.fallinto:Theyhavefallenintopoverty.6.stupidity:I'mashamedofmystupidity.7.bythelightof:Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightofourtractors.StepIIIListeningandReadingAloud◆Listentothetapeandthenreadthepassageloud.StepIVAppreciation◆PleaseturntoPage31.HereisapoembyRobertFrost.Listentothetapeandreaditaloud.Findthewordsthatrhymeandthendiscusswithyourclassmateswhatitmeans.◇Thewordsthatrhyme:“crow”rhymeswith“snow”,“heart”rhymeswith“part”,“me”and“tree”rhymes,and“mood”and“rued”rhyme.◇Thewholepoemisasentence.Itislikethis:ThewayacrowshookthedustofsnowfromahemlocktreedownonmehasgivenmyheartachangeofmoodandsavedsomepartofadayIhadrued.Itmeansthatacrowinahemlocktreeshookdownsomesnowonmeandthisgavemeareleasefrommyunhappymood.◇Inthepoem,itiswinter.Thepersoninthepoemoncehadabadday,adayheorshewishedhadnothappened.Lateronthatdayheorshewalkedorstoodunderatree.Acrowshookitsfeathers,andsnowfromthetreefelldownonhimorher.Thislittleeventmadehimorherabitlessunhappy.◆PleaseturntoPage32.HereisasongbyRichardMarx.Let’ssingittogether,andthendiscusswithyourclassmateswhatitmeans.◇Thepersoninthesongcomplainsthathisorherloverisveryfaraway,maybeintheUSAbecausethereisanoceanbetweenthem.Theyalmostneverseeeachother,buttheycalleachother.The“I”findsitverydifficulttosaythatheorshewilllovetheotherforever,becausetheyarenottogether.Still,the“I”promisesalwaystowaitfortheother,evenifitbreakshisorherheart.StepVCheckpoint◆LookatCheckpoint4.Herearethreesentences.Pleasechangetheiradverbialclauseineachsentenceintoapastparticiplephrase.Haveadiscussionwithyourpartnerandafterawhilewe'll---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2Achecktheanswers.◇Suggestedanswers:1.TranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularinChina.2.Givenmoretime,wewouldheabletodotheworkmuchbetter.3.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.StepVISummaryandHomework◆Inthisclass,we'velearnedapassageaboutsongsandpoems.Fromitweknowthatsongsandpoemscanmakeusfeelbetter.We'vealsolearnedsomeusefulwordsandexpressions.Today'shomework：FindanEnglishpoemandwriteareview(Page32).Besides,tipsareahelpforyoutoenjoypoems.Doasitsays,andI'msureyou'llbecomeapoemlover.That'sallfortoday.You’redismissed.◇Suggestedanswerstoapoemreview(Areviewofthepoem“Twinkle,twinklelittlestar”):Thispoemisaboutthestarsinthesky.WhenIreadthepoem,itseemsthataclearpictureisshownbeforeme.Inthedarkskyofnight,therearethousandsoflittlestarsthattwinkleinthesky.Theyarefarawayfromme,perhapsthousandsofmillionsofmilesaway.Iwantverymuchtogofurtherandseeclearlywhattheyarelike.ButIcan't.Icanonlyseethemlikediamondsinmystorybooks.WhenIreadthepoem,Ifeelveryhappyandcomfortable.Natureisbeautifulandmysteriouswhetherinthedayoratnight.Therearemany,manythingslikestarsintheskywaitingforustodiscover.TheFifthPeriodGrammar:ThePastParticipleUsedasAdverbialTeachingImportantPoints:1.HowtousethePastParticiple2.HowtotellthedifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple.TeachingDifficultPoint:HowtochoosethePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple.TeachingProcedures:StepIGreetingsGreetthewholeclassasusual.StepIIRevisionandPresentation◆InthethirdperiodofUnit4,welearnedthePastParticipleusedasAttributeandAdverbial.Nowlookatthesesentences.CanyoutellmewhichpastparticipleisusedasAttributeandwhichisusedasAdverbial?1.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2A2.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.3.Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom,followedbyhisstudents.4.ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.◇InthefirstsentencethePastParticipleisusedasAttribute,modifyingthenoun“artists”;Adverbialinthesecondsentence;Adverbialinthethirdsentence,too;inthelastsentenceitisusedasAttributemodifying“thefirsttextbooks”.StepIIIExplanation◆WeknowthatthePastParticiplecanbeusedasAdverbial.Nowlookatthesesentencesontheblackboard.Whatarethesepastparticipleusedus?1.Don'tspeakuntilspokento.2.Givenmoretime,wecoulddotheworkmuchbetter.3.Destroyedbytheearthquake,thehousehadtoberebuilt.◇TheyareallusedasAdverbial.◆WeknowthatthePastParticipleusedasAdverbialcanexpressdifferentadverbials,suchas:time,cause,condition,mannerandsoon.DoyouknowwhatthePastParticipleineachsentenceexpresses?◇ThePastParticipleinthefirstsentenceexpressestime.Thesecondoneexpressescondition.Andthelastoneexpressescause.◆Now,I'llgiveyouafewminutestodiscusswithyourpartnerabouthowtoreplacethesepastparticiplesbyusingadverbialclauses.◇1.Don'tspeakuntilyou'respokento.2.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddotheworkmuchbetter.3.Becausethehousehadbeendestroyedbytheearthquake,ithadtoberebuilt.StepIVComparison◆Asweallknow,thePastParticipleandthePresentParticiplecanbeusedasAdverbial,forexample:1.Seenfromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.2.Seeingfromthehill,wecanseeourbeautifulschool.Lookatthesetwosentencescarefully.Canyoutellusthedifferencebetweenthem?◇ThefirstsentenceusesthePastParticipleasAdverbialwhilethesecondsentenceusesthePresentParticipleasAdverbial.◆Doyouknowwhythedifferencecomeintobeing?◇Becausethesubjectinthefirstsentenceis“ourschool”,butinthesecondsentence,“we”.◆Whenweareusingparticiples,weshouldpayattentiontothesubjectsinthesentences,andtheparticipleweusemusthavethesamelogicalsubjectasthesubjectinthesentence.Ifthesubjectinthesentencereceivestheaction,weshouldusethePastParticipleasAdverbial;ifthesubjectinthesentencedoestheaction,weshouldusethePresentParticipleasAdverbial.StepVPractice---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2A◆Joineachofthefollowingpairsofsentencesturningoneofthemintoaparticiplephraseandmakingsomenecessarychanges.Doitinpairsorgroups.Example:Weweredisturbedbythenoiseandhadtofinishthemeetingearly.→Disturbedbythenoise,wehadtofinishthemeetingearly.1.Theyweresurprisedattheideaandbegantodiscussitamongthemselves.2.Marywasmuchinterestedandsheagreedtogiveitatry.3.Iwasdeeplymoved,andthankedthemagainandagain.4Thetwomenweredelightedandtheythoughtupmanyotherideas,too.5.Wehadbeentaughtbyfailureandmistakesandhavebecomewiser.6.Iwasshockedatthewasteofmoneyanddecidedtoleavethecompany.7.Hewaspersuadedbyhisfriendstogiveupsmokingandthrewhisremainingcigarettesaway.◇Suggestedanswers:1.Surprisedattheidea,theybegantodiscussitamongthemselves.2.Muchinterested,Maryagreedtogiveitatry.3.Deeplymoved,Ithankedthemagainandagain.4.Delighted,thetwomenthoughtupmanyotherideas,too.5.Taughtbyfailureandmistakes,wehavebecomewiser.6.Shockedatthewasteofmoney,Idecidedtoleavethecompany.7.Persuadedbyhisfriendstogiveupsmoking,hethrewhisremainingcigarettesaway.◆Let'sdomoreexercises.Youmaydiscusswithyourpartner.Choosethebestanswers:1.______someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed2.__________byhisteacher,hehasmadegreatprogressinhislesson.A.HelpedB.TohelpC.HelpingD.Help3.Thecomputercenter,________lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened4.Thevisitorexpressedhissatisfaction,__________thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added5.___________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose6.__________histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.A.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NothavingknownD.Havingnotknown7.If_________thesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven8.in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding◇Suggestedanswers:1.B2.A3.D4.C5.C6.A7.C8.CStepVITest---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2A◆Nowlet'shaveatest.Completethefollowingsentences.Writeyouranswersonapieceofpaper.Later,we'llcheckittogether.Completethesentences:1._______(只要看一次),itcanneverbeforgotten.2._______ (被认为是这个城市里面最好的)，thefactorywasgivenamedal.3.Thevisitorcamein,________(后面跟着一群年轻人).4._______(在党的领导下)，thepeoplehaveimprovedtheirlivingconditionsgreatly.5._______(在她的话的鼓励下)，theboylaterwentuptohisteacherandsaid“sorry”.6.If_______(加热)toahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapour.7._______(从太空中望去)，theearthisawatercoveredglobe.8.Theobjectonthetableisafan______(由羽毛制成的).◇Suggestedanswers:1.Onceseen2.Regardedasthebestinthecity3.followedbyagroupofyoungfellows4.LedbytheParty5.Encouragedbyherwords6.heated7.Seenfromspace8.madeoffeathersStepVIISummaryandHomework◆Inthisclass,we'vediscussedtheuseofthePastParticiple.Thatis,howtouseitanditstransformationwiththeadverbialclauses.Afterclass,weshoulddomorepracticeaboutthistomasterthem.Somuchforthisclass.Seeyoutomorrow.Appendixes一、知识网络1．callup召唤；回忆起；调动（力量、人员等）；（给……）打电话Thephotographcalledupmemoriesofhischildhood.那张照片唤起了他童年时代的一些回忆。Themusiccallsupoldtimes.这音乐让人回想起旧日时光。Hewascalleduprightatthebeginningofthewar.他是在战争刚一开始的时候被征召入伍的。Don’tcallmeupinthemorning.不要在早上给我打电话。2．belongto属于；是……的成员之一；此短语不可用进行式，也没有被动语态形式.Thecarbelongstomyuncle.这辆车是我叔叔的。Whodoesthisbagbelongto?这是提包是谁的？Ibelongtothetennisclub.我是这个网球俱乐部的会员。Doyoubelongtoanyparty?你有没有加入哪个政党？但是，常用belongto的-ing形式作定语:Chinaisacountrybelongingtothethirdworld.中国属于第三世界国家。3．Comeintobeing出现；形成；产生Wedon’tknowwhentheuniversecameintobeing.我们不知道宇宙是何时开始存在的。Latertwomorearmiescameintobeing.后来又成立了两支部队。---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2AThusthefirstworkers’leaguecameintobeing.这样第一个工人联盟就出现了。Suchacustomcameintobeinglongago.这种风俗很久以前就有了。4．gloryn.[U]光荣；荣耀；壮观；[C]光荣的事或人Theyfoughtforthegloryoftheircountry.他们为了国家的荣誉而战。Hediditforhisownpersonalglory.他为了自己个人的荣誉做了那件事。thegloryofthesunset落日的壮观thegloriesofourpasthistory我们历史上荣耀的事Heisaglorytohisprofession.他是他所从事的专业的光荣。5．Comparisonn.比较；对照；类似Hemadeaninterestingcomparisonbetweenclassicalmusicandjazz.他在古典音乐和爵士乐之间做了有趣的比较。Hemade/drewseveralcomparisonsbetweenthetwopoets.他把那两位诗人做了若干比较。Ifindthecomparisonoflifetoavoyagequiteproper.我觉得将人生比喻为航海十分贴切。in/bycomparisonwith“与……比起来；与……相比”Livinginthecountryischeapincomparisonwiththebigcities.与大城市相比，在乡下生活较便宜。bycomparison“相比之下”Heseemsratherweakbycomparison.相比之下，他似乎相当弱。6．apartadv.相隔；相距；除去；单独地Aliceandherhusbandnowliveapart.艾丽丝和她的丈夫现在分居。NewYorkandTokyoarethousandsofmilesapart.纽约和东京相隔数千英里。Thefiresbrokeoutafewhoursapart.前后两场火灾相隔几个小时。Theyplantedthetreesthreemetresapart.他们每隔三米种一棵树。Shelivesapartfromherfamily.她跟家人分开住。Afewlittlethingsapart,thepartywasagreatsuccess.除了几件小事之外，那次聚会非常成功。apart/asidefrom“除……之外；除开”Apartfromafewfaults,heisquiteagoodteacher.除了几个缺点外，他是个很好的老师。Apartfromthecost，thedressdoesn’tsuitme.姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我穿。7．contributevt.贡献；捐献；投稿vi.有贡献；有助于；促成；投搞Hecontributedalotofmoneytothecharity.他捐很多钱给慈善机构。Shecontributedalotofgoodideastothediscussion.她在这次讨论中提出很多好的意见。Hedidn’tcontributeanythingtoworldpeace.他对世界和平毫不贡献。Icontributedseveralpoemstoaliterarymagazine.我投了几首诗给一本文学杂志。contributeto“为……作贡献；有助于……；向……投稿”Thefineweathercontributedtothesuccessofthevoyage.良好的天气助成了那次航行。Aproperamountofexercisecontributestogoodhealth.适度的运动有益健康。Theconstructionofahighwaywillcontributetothegrowthofthesuburbs.建造高速公路将有助于郊区的发展。ImakemostofmymoneybywritingbooksbutIdocontributetomagazinessometimes.我的钱大部分是靠写书挣的，但我也确实给杂志社投过几次稿。---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2A8．Standout突出；出色；引人注目Davidstandsoutasacomputerdesigner.大卫是个出众的计算机编程员。Hedoesn’tstandoutinacrowd.他在人群中并不引人注目。Thetowerstoodoutagainstthebluesky.那座塔衬托着蓝天引人注目。Thehatstoodoutbecauseofitsstrangeshape.那顶帽子造型奇特而引人注目。Theywereallattractive,butshestoodoutfromtheothers.她们都很迷人，但是她比其他人更有魅力。9．nextto几乎；常用于否定词之前。Thespeechsaidnexttonothing.这次演说几乎什么都没讲。Thedealergaveusnexttonothingforouroldcar.买主几乎没给钱就买走了我们的旧车。Iknewnexttonothingaboutelectricity.对电我几乎是一无所知。It’snexttoimpossibletodriveinthistraffic.在这种交通状况下开车行驶几乎是不可能的。10．lightup点燃；点亮；照亮；使面有喜色；容光焕发Helitupacigarettebeforehebeganhisspeech.在开始讲话前他先点上一支烟。Hundredsofcandleslightedupthehall.几百支蜡烛照亮了大厅。Asmilelitupherface.她一笑表情为之开朗。Herfacelitupwithjoy.她因高兴而容光焕发。Thestreetlightshavelightedup.街灯已点亮。11．lookup（在字典、时刻表等中）查看；翻看；查找Ilookedup(themeaningof)thewordinmydictionary.我在词典中查阅这个词（的意思）。IoftengotothelibrarytolookuptheinformationIneed.我常到图书馆查找我需要的资料。Lookupthedirectoryforhistelephonenumber.在电话簿中找找他的电话号码。二、发散思维1．absencen.不在；缺席；缺乏AfteranabsenceofsevenyearsIwenthome.外出7年后我返回了故乡。Isoonnoticedhisabsencefromschool.我很快便察觉到他缺课了。Absenceofraincausedtheplantstodie.因缺少雨水导致植物枯死。absenceofmind“心不在焉”Hisabsenceofmindduringdrivingnearlycausedanaccident.他驾车时心不在焉，几乎肇事。inone’sabsence“某人不在时；某人外出时；背地里”Aladycalledinyourabsence,sir.先生，你不在时，有位女士来访。Theyspokeillofthecaptaininhisabsence.他们在背地里说队长的坏话。2．recommendvt.推荐；介绍；劝告；建议Hestronglyrecommendedhertoourfirmforthepost.他极力推荐她给本公司担任这职位。Icanrecommendherasagoodsecretary.我可以推荐她为一名优秀的秘书。Canyourecommendmeagoodlawyer?你能推荐一位好律师给我吗？recommendsb.todosth.相当于advisesb.todosth.“建议某人去做某事，劝某人做某事”Irecommendyoutoseeheratonce.我劝你马上去看她。---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2AThedoctorrecommendedmetotakealongrest.医生劝我长期休养。recommenddoingsth.“建议做某事”Irecommendgoingbybus.我建议坐公共汽车去。Sherecommendedbuyingthisdictionary.她建议买这本词典。recommend后还可接that从句，从句中谓语动词用should+v.形式，should可省略。Herecommendedthatthey(should)besetfree.我建议释放他们Theteacherrecommendedthatwe(should)readthenovel.老师劝我们读读那本小说。三、语篇领悟（阅读本单元课文，完成下列各题）3.1细枝末节（passage1）1．JohnMilton’sworkbecamefamousfor_________.A.hisworkisexactlywrittenwithsounds,wordsandgrammarB.hisworkcallsupthefeelings,curiousimagesofadreamworldC.hisworkhadaspecialpatternofrhymeattheendofeachlineD.noneoftheabove(key:C)2．ThestyleandatmosphereinShelley’poemsisjustlikethepoemsof_________.A.MarvellandDonneB.LiBaiandDuFuC.AudenandRobertFrostD.JohnMilton(key:B)3．Fromthepassage，wegottheidea(s):_________.A.poetrybelongstoallhumanbeingsB.poetryplayswithsounds，wordsandgrammarC.poetryoftenfollowsspecialpatternsofrhythmandrhymeD.alloftheabove(key:D)(Passage2)4．Ilikesongwordsbecause_________.A.theyarebrightB.theyarecolorfulC.theyaregreedyD.myfeelingsgivenbythemaremorespecial(key:D)5．Choosethebestexplanationoftheword“e-pal”.A.amachineB.apersonC.apieceofinformationD.afriendonline(key:D)6．FromParagraph4，wecanlearn_________.A.weshouldreadpoemsaloudB.poemsarestrangeC.poemsaredifficulttounderstandD.Iamspecial(key:A)3.2主旨大意7．What’sthemainideaofPassage1?A.PoetryisagoodbridgetoconnecttheEastwiththeWest.B.DifferentperiodsofEnglishpoems.C.ModernpoemsofEnglish.---Page21--- UNITFOURSENIOURENGLISHFORCHINASTUDENT’SBOOK2AD.DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishpoetry.(key:A)8．What’sthemainideaofPassage2?A.Weshouldreadpoemswithdoorsclosed.B.WeshouldfirstsingsongsthenreadpoemsC.Readingpoemscanbringpeoplepleasurejustlikesingingasong.D.Weshouldfirstreadshortpoemsthenlongones.(key:C)3.3推理判断9．FromPassage1,wecaninferthat_________.A.we’dbetterreadpoemsinEnglishB.translatedpoemscan’texpressintrinsicmeaningoforiginalpoemsC.thereisnoadvantageofreadingEnglishpoetryinChinesetranslationD.ChinesetranslationpoemsareasgoodasEnglishpoems(key:B)10．FromPassage2,wecaninferthat_________.A.thewriterusedtolikepoetryverymuchB.songsandpoemsarethesameC.thewriterfellinlovewithpoemsassoonashise-paltoldhimsomethingD.nowreadingpoemsispartofthewriter’slife(key:D)(TheEndoftheTeachingDesignforUnitFour,SEFC2A)---Page21---