英语必修1 Unit1 Grammar

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Directspeech直接引语和间接引语&indirectspeech 引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语(Directspeech);一是用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech). 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)陈述句Janesaid,“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”that引导的宾语从句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)一般疑问句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.whether/if引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)特殊疑问句“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”askedJohn.wh-词引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook. 由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化,注意以下几个方面:直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”从句动词时态不变Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般现在时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般过去时Hesaidthatheknewit. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在进行时“I’mmakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在完成进行时Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:过去进行时“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.过去完成进行时ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:过去完成时“DoyouknowRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Jackasked.过去完成时JackaskedifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般将来时Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday. 直接引语变见解引语时,时态要发生变化:一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时 由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃. 2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday. 3.历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945. 4.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup. 由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethatday/today/yesterday(the)nextday 直接引语间接引语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringhereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecome/gobring/takethere/here 1.“Ilikereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.ExerciseI 3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat.5.“Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade. 1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayExerciseII 2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat___throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…now 3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat__alongway__.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek 4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat__takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextday 5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…that 6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekago 7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…thenexttimeD.hewill…nexttime 8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere____holidays.A.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour 9.Blackaskedme,“Whyhaven’tyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmewhy____yet.A.Ihadn’tleftthereB.Ihaven’tlefthereC.hadn’tIleftthereD.haven’tIlefthere 10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher___thesun___intheeast.A.if…riseB.if…risesC.whether…roseD.whetherdid…rise 把下列句子变为直接引语或间接引语。“Idon’twanttogotherewithAlice,”saidTom.2.“Isyourfatherkindtoyou?”sheoftenasksme.Sheoftenasksmewhether/ifmyfatheriskindtome.Tomsaidthathedidn’twanttogotherewithAlice. 3.MotheraskedmewhatIwasgoingtobewhenIgrewup.4.“Ihavetostudyhardtomakeprogress,”thegirlsaidtoherfriend.5.“Whenwillyougobacktowork?”Mr.Smithasked.Mr.SmithaskedmewhenIwouldgobacktowork.“Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?”Motheraskedme.Thegirltoldherfriendthatshehadtostudyhardtomakeprogress.