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StrategiesforEnglish-ChineseFilm&TVSubtitling(英汉影视字幕翻译策略) TwoformsoftranslationofEnglishfilmsandTVseries:Dubbing(配音):coveringtheoriginalEnglishvoicebyChinesevoice.Subtitling(字幕翻译):providingsynchronized(同步的)ChinesesubtitlesforEnglishspeeches. NaturesofFilm&TVSubtitles(影视字幕的特性) translationofwrittenorprintedmaterials&translationoffilmandTVsubtitles(文字材料的翻译Vs影视字幕的翻译) Translationofprintedorwrittenmaterials:Wecanrereadthepartwhichwecouldnotunderstandatfirstglanceorwhichhasbeenpresentedbefore.(阅读文字材料的翻译时,我们可以重读一时看不懂的部分,也可以倒回去看已经读过的部分.) Translationoffilm&TVsubtitlesWecannotrereadthesubtitleswhichwedonotunderstandatfirstglanceorwhichhavebeenpresentedbefore,becausesubtitlesdisappearnearlyimmediatelyaftertheendofspeeches.(我们无法重读一时难于理解的字幕以及前面曾出现的字幕，因为随着话语的结束，字幕也会消失.) filmandTVsubtitles:Transient(转瞬即逝)&Irreversible(不可回看) TimeandSpaceConstraints(时间和空间限制)TimeConstraints:Theappearanceanddisappearanceofeachsubtitleshouldcoincideroughlywiththebeginningandendofthecorrespondingspeeches,therefore,asubtitlecanbekeptonthescreenforonlyseveralseconds.(由于字幕出现﹑消失的时间大体上应与说话人开始﹑结束话语的时间一致,因此字幕在屏幕上的显示时间只有短短几秒钟.) TimeandSpaceConstraintsSpaceConstraints:Consideringthereadingspeedofviewers,somesubtitletranslatorssuggestthatthereshouldbeonlyonelineofChinesesubtitleeachtime,andthenumberofChinesecharactersshouldbenomorethan13or14.(考虑到观众的阅读速度,有字幕翻译者建议屏幕上每次只能显示一排汉字,而且字数不能超过13或14个.) NaturesofFilm&TVSubtitles:TransienceandIrreversibility(瞬间性,不可回看性)TimeandSpaceConstraints(受时间﹑空间制约) PrinciplesforEnglish-ChineseFilm&TVSubtitling(影视字幕翻译原则)Conciseness(简洁)ImmediateComprehensibility(易懂) Example1--He’sprobablynotthere,butifIdon’tatleastlook,I’llalwayswonderaboutit.fromSleeplessinSeattle(西雅图夜未眠)--他也许没来，但至少我应该去看看，否则我会老想着这件事.--他也许没来，但我不看不死心. Example2--Yes,IwouldjustliketoknowwhereIcouldgetthisman’saddress.fromSleeplessinSeattle--是的，我想知道如何才能得到这个人的地址.--我想知道他的地址. Example3--AndforawhileIcouldnotenter,forthewaywasbarredtome.fromRebecca(蝴蝶梦)--由于大门深锁,一时间不得其门而入--由于大门紧锁,一时无法进入 Example4--Shestoodtherelaughing,herblackhairblowinginthewind --andtoldmeallaboutherself-everything.fromRebecca--她站在崖上大笑,黑发随风扬起--诉说她的过往,巨细靡遗. TechniquesforEnglish-ChineseFilm&TVSubtitling(英汉影视字幕翻译技巧) 1.UsingSimpleSyntacticStructures(选用简单的句型结构)◆不知你能不能把自行车借我用一下？→我能借一下你的自行车吗？◆给你看样你以前从没见过的东西。→给你看样新东西。◆明天为什么不去公园呢？→明天去公园吧。◆你能不能不用我的东西？→别用我的东西。 2.UsingSimpleVocabularies(选用简单词汇)◆bemiserly,stingy悭吝→小气，吝啬◆bethin清癯→清瘦◆befamiliarwith熟谙→熟悉◆befoolhardy,foolishlybold暴虎冯河→有勇无谋 ◆Manyalittlemakesamickle.集腋成裘→积少成多◆footofamountain山麓→山脚◆origin,source滥觞→来源，起源◆beofgreatbenefit大有裨益→大有好处 ReducingSourceText(缩减原文)Deletion(省略):toleaveoutsomewordsorphrases.Condensation(浓缩):tomaintainonlythegistoftheoriginaltext.(只译出原文信息的精髓要旨)ReductiveParaphrase(压缩性意译):toconveythemeaningoftheoriginalutteranceinaconciseway.(用较为简短的语句译出原话的意义) Willtheconveyanceofinformationmuchaffectedifwereducetheoriginalutterance?(如果缩减原来的话语,信息传递会受到很大的影响吗?)No.Viewersdonotjustreadsubtitles.Theyalsowatchthepictureonthescreenandlistentothesoundandmusic.Therefore,somelossofinformationinthesubtitlescanbecompensatedthroughotherchannels.(观众不只是看字幕,他们还要看银幕上的画面,听声音.因此,字幕中某些信息的丢失可以通过其它渠道得到补偿.) 1)Deletion(省略)fillerwords(填充词):“um”,“uh”,“er”,“ah”,“okay”,“so”,“actually”,“youknow”,“well”,“but”,“anyway”,“look”,etc.repetition(重复):tautologies(同意语重复):“lookout”&“becareful”someexclamations(叹词):“mygoodness”,“oh,myGod”,“Jesus”tagquestions(附加疑问句):“don’tyou”,“isn’tit”simpleformsofaddress(称呼),greetingsorfarewells:“sir”,“madam”,“goodmorning”,“hi”,“hello”,“goodbye”) Example1Gump’smothertriedtopersuadetheprincipalofanelementaryschooltoadmitForrest.--Well,we’realldifferent. --所有人都不相同fromForrestGump(阿甘正传) Example2ForrestrecalledthefirstdaywhenhemetJenny.--Youknowit’sfunnywhatayoungmanrecollects. --年轻人的记忆很奇怪fromForrestGump(阿甘正传) Example3Athiefpretendedtobekindheartedbywarningotherstobeonalert.Whenotherpeoplethankedhimwithoutcaution,hestoletheirmoneyrapidly.--Watchyourself.Beonguard.Thisplaceisfullofvulture. --请你小心，这儿有许多坏人.fromCasablanca(卡萨布兰卡) Example4--Oh,God,Iforgotmypresentforyourstepmother--Itookitinsidebyaccident. --我把送你继母的礼物忘在屋里了fromSleeplessinSeattle(西雅图夜未眠) Example5--Walter.It’squiteaformalname,isn’tit? --华特，蛮正式的名字fromSleeplessinSeattle Example6Mrs.GumpwastalkingtoForrest,--RememberwhatItoldyou,Forrest. --记住我跟你说的话fromForrestGump(阿甘正传) Example7--Hi,Barry!Rememberme? --巴瑞，记得我吗?fromFriends(老友记) 2)Condensation(浓缩):tomaintainonlythegistoftheoriginaltext.(只译出原文信息的精髓要旨) ExampleForresttalkedaboutJenny’spoorlivingconditions. --ShelivedinahousethatwasasoldasAlabama. --她住在一间很旧的屋子fromForrestGump(阿甘正传) 3.ReductiveParaphrase (压缩性意译):toconveythemeaningoftheoriginalutteranceinaconciseway.(用较为简短的语句译出原话的意义) Example1Harriet:Youcangothereifyouwant,butdon’topenhisrefrigerator.哈丽亚特：去呀，但千万别开他冰箱Theydon’tcoveranythingwhentheyputitinthefridge.Theyjuststickitinandleaveittheretillitwalksoutbyitself.fromSleeplessinSeattle(他们把东西放进冰箱时却不盖上，丢进去后就一直放到有东西从里面爬出来)男人最邋遢，东西放到生蛆 Example2BothUgarteandCaptainRenaultearnedalotofmoneybysellingvisas(签证)totherefugees(难民).Ugartetriedtofindanexcusetoexplainhisaction.--Thinkofthepoordevilswhocan’tmeetRenault’sprice.Igetitforthemforhalf.fromCasablanca(想想那些可怜的家伙，他们付不起雷诺开的价．我收他们半价．)--雷诺的价更高，我收半价 4.CombiningShortUtterances(合并短小句子) Example1--Whatabouttheengineer?Whycan’themarryusonthetrain?fromCasablanca--工程师怎么样?为什么不让他在火车上替我们证婚呢?--火车上的工程师可替我们证婚 Example2--Fiveminutesinthemicrowave.Anyoneofthem,fiveminutesanddone.Readytoeat.fromSleeplessinSeattle--微波炉加热五分钟.任何东西,五分钟就好了,就可以吃了--微波炉热五分钟就可以吃 Example3--Hedoesn’thaveonenow.That’stheproblem.fromSleeplessinSeattle--问题是他没有--他现在一个也没有.这就是问题所在. TechniquesforEnglish-ChineseFilm&TVSubtitlingUsingSimpleSyntacticStructures(选用简单的句型结构)UsingSimpleVocabularies(选用简单的词汇)ReducingSourceText(缩减原文)1.Deletion(省略):toleaveoutsomewordsorphrases.2.Condensation(浓缩):tomaintainonlythegistoftheoriginaltext.(只译出原文信息的精髓要旨)3.ReductiveParaphrase(压缩性意译):toconveythemeaningoftheoriginalutteranceinaconciseway.(用较为简短的语句译出原话的意义)CombiningShortUtterances(合并短小句子) TheEnd
