直喷汽油单孔喷油器喷雾微观结构特性的研究

《直喷汽油单孔喷油器喷雾微观结构特性的研究》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

ᓫᘤ᪀ᱯឋḄẆTheMicrostructureCharacteristicsoftheSprayofaDirect-injectionGasolineSignal-holeInjector：Ẇ：!ᢣ#ᦟ%：&'ᐰ)ᦟᣴᜩ,ᜧ./▾12314ᓝ1ᨴ ឋᡠᕈḄᦻᙠᢣḄẆ!ḄẆᡂ#，◀&ᦻ'ᱯ)*+᪗-./0ᜐ᜜，ᦻ'3ᒹ5ᐸ789:⊤ᡈ=ᑏ?ḄẆᡂ#，@3ᒹ5AB!ᜩDᜧᡈᐸ7ᦟGH᪀ḄᡈJKLMᵨ?Ḅᩞᧇ。RᡃTUḄUVWẆᡠXḄYZ[ᙳ8ᙠᦻ'&^Ḅ_`⊤a&/b。ᦻὅde：dghi：jᨴhᦻ᱐ᩗMᵨᣴᩗKᦻὅoᐰ&qᜩDᜧᨵᐵtᶇ、MᵨᦻḄwx。ᱯᣴᩗᜩDᜧy+zᦻḄᐰ{ᡈ{ᑖᑁ~ᐭᨵᐵᦪ，`ᵨᓺ、ᓺᡈᑴt、+▅▅。Ub᪥ᔣᨵᐵ{ᡈH᪀〈ᦻḄᓺ。(t Ḅᦻᙠq ¡〉ᵨᣴᩗ_）ᦻὅde：de:dghi：jᨴhdghi：jᨴh ᤺⌕¦§ᢈ©ª«¬H®9¯ឋḄᨵᦔ±²0T。®§³´¦§¬H®µR᣸·ḄT¸¹⌕º»。º¼，Ẇ«½¬Ḅ§³ẚ¿ᱯឋ，WÀ¦§¬HÁÂᔠᳮḄÅᔠÆᨵÇ᩽Ḅᵨ。ᦻÉÊ+Ë☢ÍÎ&Ẇ：ÏÐ&¦§¬ᓫÒ§ᘤ§³ÔÕ·ᜧᵨx~Ö×ᐸᐝÙÚÛ；ᑭᵨMATLABÞᑏ&§³ßàáâã)ᑖ᪆åæ；`ç?«èéHê᤬&3U§ᩩḄÔÕ·ᜧ§³í。îí§³:Î?å'，ïḼñòḄóᓄ，§³┵ö9ᔊ&øùú、ᜧûüýú、üý⊦ùúÿú¸▤。ᙠéUḄ§½，ïḼ§½Ḅ*，§³ᡂiḄᔣè。ᙠ«Ḅ§½，§³┵öïᓄᦪḄóᓄ9ᔊ&ᓄú、?ú½ú。§³┵öᑮᓄ§½Ḅ´ïᓄᦪ*ᕈᐜù¡*Ḅ。ïḼ§½Ḅª«，⊤☢üü!ó，Lüý⚣᳛*，$L´§³%ẚ¿。ᙠ§ᘤ┐▀()?å'，®§*$§Òᜐ++,§，`ᨬ.ᡂᜧ/。§³'3Uú0Ḅ®ẚ¿å3U。9?1ẚ¿¡，ᙠ§Ò2▬îᜧ45Ḅ67®8。ïḼ§½Ḅ*，ᙠ§ᘤËéU9ᜐḄ®8**。:;ᔣËᔣ，ïḼR§Ò'<2=>Ḅ*，®?，ᙠRᕜÉABC☢ᜐᙠᐙᑖẚ¿Ḅ/。§³?å'᜜EF/ᑖG3ᙳᒴ.&§³“IJK”ÿ᪀Ḅ。/ḄL1ẚ¿?åMNẚ¿Ë,ᐳḄᔠẚ¿,。§³íᑁUñᙠPឋᔣᑮÆᔁᔾᵨSᔣTýḄF/。ᐵUV：§ᘤ，¬，§³，ẚ¿，ÔÕ·ᜧ ABSTRACTDirectinjectiontechnologyisoneoftheeffectivewaystoimprovethefueleconomyofsparkignitiongasolineengines.Fuelsprayisakeyfactorinfluencingthecombustionandemissioncharacteristicsofdirect-injectionsparkignition(DISI)gasolineengines.Therefore,itissignificanttoinvestigatethespraybreakupprocessesundertheconditionsofhighinjectionpressure.Investigationwasconductedasfollow:Aspecificconstantvesselusedforthemicroscopicmagnificationofthegasolinesprayofasingle-holeinjectorfordirectinjectionanditsopticalsystemweresetup.OnthebasisoftheMATLABsoftware,acodetorecognisethefeaturesofsprayimageswasprogrammed.Microscopicsprayimageswererecordedbymeansofahigh-speeddigitalcamera.Theresultsshowthat,Thedevelopmentofnear-fieldsprayconeangleclosetotheinjectorexitexperiencessharpdecrease,intensivefluctuation,slightfluctuationandgradualrisewithtime.Injectionpressuredifferenceevidentlyaffectstheverticalvelocityofsprayatthebeginningoffuelinjection.Inhighpressuredifferencecondition,thechangeinsprayconeangleexperiencesthezonedominatedbycavitationnumber,transientzoneandtheonedominatedbyambientpressurewithcavitationnumber.Withtheincreaseofcavitationnumber,thenear-fieldsprayconeangledecreasesandthenincreases.Thelengthofsurfacewavesonthejetbecomeshorteranditsfrequencybecomeshigherwithincreasingambientpressure.Fuelfilmisformedattheholeexitoftheinjectorattheendstageofinjectionandisfinallybrokenupintothedropletswithbigdiameter.Thedegreeofspraybreakupisdifferentinvariousregionsinthejet.Aftertheprimarybreakup,large-scalefueldropletsappearneartheaxesofsprayandthenumberofdropletsincreaseswithincreasedambientpressure.Theamountofdropletsdecreasealongtheradialdirectionandthespraybreakupiscompleteontheboundarybetweenthesprayplumeandambientair.Duringtheinjectionprocesses,thedistributionofsmallfueldropletsisunevenontheboundaryofthesprayplumeandthefishboneshapedsprayisformed.Thesecondarybreakupofadropletisaprocess dominatedbyvariousbreakupmechanisms.Therearealotofdropletsmovingdownwardsduetodropletinertiaandhorizontallybecauseofentrainmentatthesametime.KEYWORDS:injector,gasoline,spray,breakup,microscopicmagnification WX.................................................................4m-rnY.............................................................i1.1.............................................................1l.i.iᑁ®H☢ZḄᢧᡊ...........................................11.1.2¬H⁚^ù᣸±².........................................11.2¦§¬H_A..................................................21.3¦§¬ᲱaÅᔠÆᡂË,........................................31.4¦§¬H§ᘤbK............................................41.5Ò,§ᘤ§³ᱯឋᑁ᜜Ẇ7...............................51.5.1᜜Ẇ7...............................................51.5.2ᑁẆ7...............................................91.6ᦻẆḄ⌕ᑁ~×bc......................................10dLefgh9×fgËiAj.........................................112.1fgh9Aj....................................................112.1.1®ᧇkÚÛ..............................................112.1.2§³ßàê᤬lÚÛ.....................................122.2ßàᜐᳮåæ....................................................132.2.1îí§³ßàᜐᳮåæ.....................................132.2.2§³í3U9fgßàᜐᳮåæ..........................152.3fgmø×fgËᫀ.............................................182.3.1îí§³fgmø..........................................182.3.2îí§³fgËᫀ..........................................202.3.3§³í3U9fgmø...................................212.4eÿ........................................................21doeîí§³ᱯឋẆ...............................................223.1îí§³?姳ᱯឋ...........................................223.2§ᘤÍpñqîí§³ᱯឋ....................................263.3§rx▤îí§³ᱯឋ......................................293.3.1ᓄᦪW§³᝱Ḅ´...................................29 3.3.2½×½W⊤☢üḄ´.............................303.4§ᘤÿ▤Ḅîí§³ᱯឋ..................................333.5eÿ........................................................35ᜐḄᱯឋẆ...............................364.1'3U9Ḅ§³ßàᑖ᪆................................364.2®L1ẚ¿tu?åᑖ᪆....................................414.3§³íᑁv;ᑖGᱯឋᑖ᪆......................................434.4§³íᑁ/Týᱯឋᑖ᪆......................................444.5eÿ........................................................46ᐰᦻ.................................................475.1ᐰᦻwÿ........................................................475.2Îx............................................................48#ὃᦻ................................................................49!⊤#ᦻ$%&'Ẇ()*+............................................54^^................................................................55 7389:1.11.1.1ᑁ☢ḄᢧᡊTyMjᩭ，ᑁ®Hk{CªḼý，@k|Ḅ}~ª&ᜧḄᑭ。ïḼ|}~Ḅ3ª«，¬8ᡂATNḄçᐹ。W，ᐰ{C¬tᨵ89?&10.15[1]。2000j+ᩭ，ᡃ¬%.tᢝḼ«è!，2009j'89?ᡂAᐰᳫ¬ᨬᜧḄ├，ᡃHýtᨵ?I000，⚜ᑮ2015jTᦪgz?1.4，`ᑮ10/Ḅ{Cᙳ[2]。ïḼHýᦪḄ*，ᡠ6ᩭḄ^× ⚪@ᙠh¢£¹。▭^H᪀(IEA)ḄÛᦪ⊤[3],2001j¥ᙠç⚞0Ḅ§¨ᑮ57%，⚜ᑮ2020j，ᐰᳫ¥w§ὑḄ62%zᵨÀç。^{⚜，2020j+¡，ᐰᳫ¥ªz«+¬h®◤°,2050jḄ◤±a²é³À2000jᐰᳫ¥wḄ´µ。R¼Uñ，ç^§ὑ@ᡂA¶·Æ¸᣸·¹{º᛻Ḅ¹⌕ᩭ0T。ᐸ'，¬ᨵ¼᣸·ᱥ¶·Æ¸C02᣸·h¢ᑮ¹¾。h¬*¿*!，ÀÁᵪᜧᜧᙛÄÅᦟᣴÆÇ，$21{ÈdT¸10jḄ¡5jÍ%，£ÉḄ᣸·iwzMhḄ¬᣸· ⚪Ê!ᑮËᑴ[2]。'AÏᨵᐰᳫÐᑖ0T±Ḅᜧ，ᙠ^⁚Ñ᣸·ËᑴË☢☢ZḼÒᜧḄ½，◤⌕z¬⁚^ù᣸ ⚪·ᙠÒ*¹⌕Ḅ9。1.1.2⁚᣸¬Hᙠ'、Ó₹ñᵫÀÖÆ×ᜫᜧ，èᜧÓ₹ñ~᧕ᰦ◫LMᐸÜᦔ᳛ÔÀÝH。º¼，¬HḄ⁚^⌕ÉÊÖÆ×ᜫª«Ḅᢙᰦឋ。ᵨyóÆxñᡈyóᓣåH᪀、¬àᑁ¦§、ᑖáâ®ᢈ©ᙳy+¬HḄÖÆ×ᜫ，ª«ᐸÜᦔ᳛。¼᜜，ᵨ{ᑖÆàãà、ងèýãH×ýåý、óæåᦪ、½RKÆᓄᢈ©@y+ª«¬HḄ^ᑭᵨ᳛。1 7389:ç᜜，è^ᢈ©，ᒹéêᵯì、½Æí、è^îï，@yðñ:ýHᙠᦔ᳛ḄÓ₹ò，ª«¬HḄᦔ᳛。³ᯠ，ᦋÿ᪀õ、ᔜTý¿Ḅ᥅ø×ᜫ、Ëᑴùúû¶、᣸ÆÜüᦈ、þᓾ¶Ëᑴ、ᵨyó½H᪀、yó᣸HÖ、ᵯýÖ、ᵯýᡧ、«ᦔᵯH@^3Uåᙢ¬HḄὑ[4]。1.2¦§ᢈ©¬H⁚^Ḅ¹⌕ᢈ©0T。ᙠ{È30j，àᑁ¦§¬ᢈ©ᙠ&´æ妧:ýH，+q«ᱯᙢúᓄᘤÿWîHîឋ^Ḅ´。50j，zᨵLæ妧¬HḄᝂ300SLᔣ&í。ᵫÀᢈ©º，¦§¬H`!ᑮ。{È70j，FordḄPROCOÚÛᵨ&àᑁ¦§ᢈ©。PROCOÚÛ'ᵨ¡§ᢈ©àᑁᑖáḄ®µ,，ᵫÀ᣸· ⚪+×ᡂº，ÚÛᙠ³ñU᪵ᨵ[5]。ïḼᵯËᢈ©Ḅ:Î，H*Ḅª«，1996ho!"#ᡂ$ᙢẆ:&ᖪᵨ¦§¬H，`zᐸhᐭGalant1.8L'ᢗ·í。àᑁ¦§¬HḄᡂ$Tᵨᙠ¬C'å&᩽ᜧḄ(ý。ï¡，)Mh、*+Ḅ¬ᔆᖪᙳÍ%W¦§ᢈ©Ẇ:，`&ᔜḄ-。W，¬àᑁ¦§ᢈ©89ᡂ.[6]。lfnß1-1Æ⍝§ᢈ©（PFI)R¬àᑁ¦§ᢈ©（GDI)W᝞ß1-1[7]ᡠa，R1ÛḄÆ⍝§,¬Hé，¦§¬H¦3z®§ᐭÆà，3*ᙠÆ⍝ᑁᡂ+，º¼，ᔜàT.ឋÒ4，`5ª«2 7389:&:ýHḄ7ñ´ª。ç?+aNË,，àᑁ¦§ᢈ©ª«&¬HḄ®9¯ឋ[4，5，7，8]:•ù&'、Ó₹ñḄÖÆ×ᜫ。àᑁ¦§¬Hy+8ᣵ⁚Æ，¦3ç?:^§ËᑴÓ₹。;M!:ýHᙠ'、Ó₹ñ3◤⌕MᵨÆÇ⁚。ᜧᜧù<&:ýHᙠ{ᑖÓ₹òḄÖᔾ×ᜫ，ὑ15%-20%。•ª«½。F᝱®¦3§ᐭàᑁᔾÜÆᓄ，&àᑁÅᔠƶ，*&¬HḄᢙᰦឋ，½y+1ÛÆ⍝§¬Hª«0.5-1¸ᓫ，$Lª«&:ýHḄÜᦔ᳛。•ùè。¬¦§ᢈ©3*ᙠÆ⍝ᑁᡂ+，ᙠ¬ùè▤ᑗL3*}Æᡂ?¡，$Lù<&§，ª«&ᦔ᳛。•þpýñḄὑ。Æ⍝§*ᙠÆ@ᑁᡂ+，ᙠþpý▤®3᧕A:，º¼◤⌕ÒMḄ®B^®µ。Làᑁ¦§¬Hz®¦3§ᐭàᑁ，`^:^ᙢËᑴ®。º¼，&¦§¬HḄ®§ὑ，`ù<¬HḄþpýñ®CD(HC)Ḅ᣸·。E@᝞¼，àᑁ¦§ᢈ©FᙠHCCG᣸·« ⚪。@¦§¬H³☢ZḄᢧᡊ。1.3ᔠ"#ᡂ%&¦§¬Hç®+§³'、H☢'Æ'oNË,ᡂÅᔠÆ。R¼éWªḄ®µÚÛÿ᪀@3U，᝞ß1-3[6]ᡠa。§³'TNᳮIḄÅᔠÆᡂË,。TJKò，§³'K¦§¬Spray-guidedWall-guidedAir-guided§³'H☢'Æ'ß1-33U¦§¬H®µÚÛW3 7389:HḄ§ᘤLMNé=î，§ᘤz{ᑖ®ᔣLMN▬î，`ᡂyO®ḄÅᔠÆ。Ë,W§ᘤḄ§³rxឋ⌕°«，P⌕■R®SH，T⌕■R®ᡭSLMN。H☢'K¦§¬HḄLMNTJG9ᙠÆà'<▬î，L§ᘤᑣG9ᙠÆE。§ᘤz®¦3§ᔣ6ᨵᔣWᙷḄ~N⚔{，M®:ḼWᙷTýᑮLMN▬î，`ᡂᑖáÅᔠÆ。NÅᔠÆᡂË,*.®▬Ḽᙠ~N⚔{，*CG®HC᣸·。Æ'ᑭᵨÆ⍝~N⚔{ᙠàᑁᡂᔠ〉ḄÆTý，z§ᘤ§Ḅ®ᔁᑮLMN▬î，`ᡂO®ḄÅᔠÆ。RH☢'KË,é，Æ'3Zz®¦3§ᑮ~N⚔{，$Lù&®tHḄa᳛。ᙠ3UòÆTýḄËᑴ«ᜧ，L5Mà¬HᔜàÆ⍝73T.@*.ÅᔠÆ?ḄᑖG[。1.4ᘤ()¦§¬HḄ§ᘤbK⌕ᨵMÒ§ᘤ、᜜Í,§ᘤ§ᘤoN，ᐸÿ᪀᝞ß1-4[6]ᡠa。MÒ§ᘤ᜜Í,§ᘤ§ᘤß1-4oN¦§¬H§ᘤWMÒ§ᘤḄõᮣ~M᪵，y+¬3UbK¦§¬H。ç?ᦋó§Òᦪ、Ò;§ÒËᔣ，y+¬3UḄ®RÆÅᔠ⌕°。Uñ，ᙠ3U§½，MÒ§ᘤḄ§³᝱rx，A§ñqḄ⌱_ª&ᑭ。ù4 7389:§Ò¦;y+ª«®Ḅ³ᓄ，§³`aù，L5§Òᜐ~᧕ᡂÇC。º¼，§Ò¦;Ḅ⌱_⌕R®µÚÛḄÿ᪀éᓛc。᜜Í,§ᘤḄ§³*ᡂT¸'Ḅᙊ┵。º¼，®RÆ3e☢Òᜧ，Ò~᧕Åᔠ。ç?ᦋó§ᘤḄᓣå，y+ᦋ󧳳ᓄB§³`a。½ᵯᨔ¸᜜Í,§ᘤḄÍp´ªg，y+ᙠT¸¬Hhº'M1§，º¼，^Ò4ᙢ:ᢵ¦§¬HḄ⁚ù᣸·W᪗。ᵫÀ§ᘤ┐▀×┐▀)jk«，º¼，}ᡂ«，Wlᙠ<ᦪ«᫏'Tᵨ。K§ᘤ³ᓄᦔ#4，U᪵*ᡂ<Ḅᙊ┵。ᙠ«§½，§³K᝱3᧕nᢝ，〉ᔠòéWᓫT，§ñqᮣ~ឋéW。º¼，8⌲mpMÒ§ᘤ᜜ÍK§ᘤᡠ。1.5*&ᘤ+ᱯឋ.ᑁ᜜Ẇ1231.5.1.᜜Ẇ123ᙠ¦§¬H§ᘤ:Î0，|8WÒ,ݧᘤḄ§³ᱯឋ&ᜧḄẆ。UniversityofWisconsin-Madison+ReitzA✌ḄẆrsᨬÀª&WAVEK，ᵨÀẆḄẚ¿×³ᓄ`y+WÆFC☢üýᑖ᪆[9]。0¡T:Î&“rᙽ”K，y+_ᓄ0Ḅ§³vK，ᵨÀ§³íḄwẆ[1<5][11]。ReitzFW§³ḄL1ẚ¿?å&xyḄfg×wẆ[12][13]。7ḄrsẆ&3U½ᩩ，ᓫ¸F/ᚖ¦a?3UèÆíḄẚ¿᝱。Ẇ:，ᢥ᯿}~ᦪḄ3*，yzᓫ¸F/ᑖ1ᑖA：;1-51<ẚ>?@AB5 7389:3.Abandot*stiipofsprayformatthevortexperiphery,whichisobservedasabranch-likestructure*ß1-6᪛ᩜ7§³ÿ᪀ᡂ?åabß,ᑖ、ᑗᡈCáᒑ>,ᑖ、óↈ,ᑖ+×ó,ᑖ（ᑖK᝞ß1-5ᡠa）。ïḼ}~ᦪḄ*，F/᝱ᩭ3rx，ẚ¿Ò*ᒓ。hIshikawa[14]ᑭᵨᦣPIVḄËiẆ&§ᘤ±▬Ḅè×½W§³᝱׳ᓄᦔ#Ḅ´。Ẇ:，ïḼ½Ḅ«，îí§³┵ö*ᜧ，`5*ᙠ§³ᜐ}wᑣḄ。ïḼ½Ḅ*，§³Ḅẚ¿×³ᓄ*3ᔣ§Ò☠î。§Ò▬îÆF3☢▬îḄᑗá*ᨬᐜ}ᐻ3rx，`ïḼ§³3ᔣ:Îᡂÿ᪀，3ᙢzᕜÉÆᔁᔾᐭ§³'<，LḄ/ᑣlᙠ§³Ḅ᜜Eᡂ67ÿ᪀。N§³᪛ᩜ7ÿ᪀Ḅ:Î?å᝞ß1-6ᡠa。UniversityofErlangen-NumbergḄFath[15]ᑭᵨ!=>ÔÕᐝᦣËi，ê᤬&ᓫÒݧᘤîíḄ§³ᱯឋ，`ᑮ&ﮧḄÆ，!ᑮ&᡾F᪶!ï§Ò¦;、§½+ק½Ḅóᓄ£2。ÿ#⊤，ᓄ、®ᑁ{¤Æýº»´§³ẚ¿³ᓄḄ⌕º。1ẚ¿Ḅ⌕º»ÆḄ!。¤y+.ᓄ，`5xḼ§Ò±ᜐÆḄᑖG。Æᔣᑁẚẚ¥&®ḄᨵæTý，*Æ&Æᔁᔾᵨ。Uñ，®Rº᛻ƸḄé¦ᵨ*ᡂü§Ḅ。WayneStateUniversityḄHan[16]ᑭᵨ▢iᦣiẆ&Ò,§ᘤ3UaZÿ᪀WÔÕ·ᜧ§³᝱Ḅ´。fgMᵨ©AÆᐝᘤXAᐝ。Ẇ:，§Òᑁ{aZ7Wîí§³᝱ᨵ¹⌕´。§Òᑁ{½ᑖG、¤ý^、èª2ᓄᵨ«*W§w¬×³ᓄ}´。îí§³┵öïḼñòḄóᓄ₩，ᙠ§i§³┵öᜧ，ïḼ§³:Î⌲¯ó，Lᨬ¡▤Z1ᜧ。6 7389:µ«¶·ᢈ©Ẇ▾ḄBae[17]ç?▢iᦣiẆ&3UaZÿ᪀ḄÒ,¦§§ᘤḄ§³ᱯឋ，`º&3UbK§ᘤᙠ3UòḄ§³`a§³┵ö×ᐸ9g",，J&ᑭᵨ§³ßàv§³F/¦;Ḅyឋ。hR»ᜧḄEsmail[18]ᑭᵨÔÕ·ᜧᢈ©Ẇ&Æ⍝,¬§ᘤîí§³Ḅ1ẚ¿Ḅüýᱯឋ。Ẇ⊤，®ᧇýA§³³ᓄªḄ^ᑮ⊤☢½ᵨ，ᡂ&᡾ý。¾᡾ý.⊤☢üḄ}，`M!F¿ẚ¿ᡂ67。L5§³ü!ûïḼñòḄóᓄL*，¦;ï0ù。hᜧḄHattori[19]ᑖ)ᵨ▢iᦣiẆ&ݦ§§ᘤḄîí§³ᱯឋ。Ẇ:，®À§§ÒñᵫÀF¿'ò§ÒḄᑗ，º¼ᕈ'òÁḄᙊ¿。ÁḄ'<ᑮÆýḄ´ᔣᕜÉ᡽Î，ᡂ&ᜧḄᜮ{Ä3ḼḄyḄ¿，§³᦮¸7àTÆÇ。ÈÉ:ÎÊḄ“Ç☢”ᙠÆ᡾ý3$'ẚ¿³ᓄ，¡☢èÒgḄ®⌲¯ËÌ☢Ḅ®ᨬ.Ç7Ḅÿ᪀§ᜫ。§³:ÎiḄᐰ?å᝞ß1-7ᡠa。ß1-7§³iẚ¿KhᜧᜧḄNishida[2<)]ᑭᵨ°iẆ&ÆF´éḄݧ³。Ẇᢣ，§³½Ḅª«Æ&®Ḅý^，®Ḅý^*&¤ý^ḄÆ，ª«&Õ4ḄÅᔠ。Uñ，§½Ḅª«WÀ1ẚ¿`ᨵ±ᜧ²³，³ᓄᦔ#Ḅª«⌕⊤ᙠL1³ᓄ。␺ÀÝR¬ᱥឋ、ᩩḄᜧ[，+צ§¬HḄªᵨ，W¦§¬§ᘤ§ᱯឋḄẆᑮ&ᐵ-。7 7389:ÍÎᱛPolytechnicUniversityofValenciaḄPayri[21]ᙠÝHḄᩩ，W&¬RÝḄ§³，+¼_&ݧ³R¬§³ᳮḄyឋR[ឋ。fgᵨMÒ¦§§ᘤᙠ«½（180MPa)ᩩᑖ)W´N®ᧇ&§w¬、§³ý+ק³K᝱ḄẆ。fgᢣÝR¬ ×ûḄ[M!®ḄBקᘤ┐▀Ípè}Tx[，ᙠ§³Ḅý[。ᓱÒÓᔈᜧḄGilles-Birth[22]ᑭᵨÕᜧ、ᐹᨵÖ§ÒḄ§ᘤẆ&Ò,¦§¬§ᘤḄᓄ×ᓄWîí§³᝱Ḅ´。ß1-8k&3U§ᩩᓄḄZC×。`᪷Æ᝱Ḅ3UzᓄᑖAÆÙKᓄ、ↈ+Kᓄ×2ᓄoNbK。ÆÙKᓄᨚñ}Ḅ，AᡂÕḄƪ᪶。ↈ+Kᓄ}À§Ò⊤☢。§Òᑁ3ᐝú⊤☢*lᨵᡂÆ◤⌕Ḅ᪶，³¸ᙢËḄ®½À⛳A¬½ñ;*}Æ。ↈ+KÆÒ~᧕ᙠ§Òᐭ±}，`3ᔣ§Ò±:Î。³Æ ↈ+:Îᑮ§Ò±ñ，@ÜᐸA¶ᓄ。2ᓄ⌕}À§ᘤ┐▀Íp()▤，§ᘤ┐▀ḄTýM┐▀ᳫᜮ}ÊᙊᕜᑖGḄÆ。┐▀⊤☢}ḄÆïḼ®Ý§Ò<ᔣ:Îᡂ2ᓄ。Þßᦦᜧ▾ḄSerras-Pereira[23，24，25_?▭ᜧḄÖMÒ§ᘤẆ&ᓄ×îíḄ§³ᱯឋ。ÿ#⊤，ᓄ*ᙠ§Òᐭ±ᨬÀᡂ。ᙠ§?å'，³§ÒR§ᘤ┐▀ᕈTxöñ，ÆᑖG3ᙳᒴ（Ê;1-8CDEᓄᦪHI8 7389:ÆᑖGMÀÊ）.&§³᝱3WÜÀ§Ò，`5T*ïᓄᦪḄª«Ò*Ô。1.5.2.ᑁẆ123ᑁWÒ,¦§Ý§ᘤḄ§³ᱯឋ&!iḄẆ。ᜩDᜧ[26]ç?ᐝᐰâᢈ©Ẇ&¦;0.4mmḄ᝱。fg⊤，ᡂi*ᙠ⊤☢ᡂãḄäå，`ÈÉ:ÎᡂAbæ“IJ”Ḅÿ᪀，ᨬ¡ẚ¿ᡂAF/。ᕈᜐçWÜḄÿ᪀，ᐸ⊤☢ü!*ïḼ§½Ḅª«Ló。îjᩭç?ᐝè₯ᐝḄËiWÝH§³uH ⚪§³Ḅ?í¶íᑖG&ãᐭḄẆ[27,28,29,3<)]。Ẇ:，ᙠ▲:Ëᫀ'§³uH¡a²3*ᡂH☢§³，L1^ëgèᡂᙳBÅᔠú。▲:WÝH§³³ᓄåᑮ&¹⌕ᵨ，MÆ駳ᑖGÒ*ᙳᒴ。ª«§½WÆ駳`aḄ´Ò*Ô。ᓅíᳮᜧ[31]ᙠx~ÖᑁẆ&«½ᜧº᛻ḄÝH§³ᱯឋ。U¯ᜧ[32]ç?▢iẆ&}ᱥÝḄ§³ᱯឋ。ᜧîᳮᜧ[33]ç?ᜧwW3Uݧ³K&Ẇ。îjᩭ，ᑁᙠ¦§¬§³Ë☢@ÍÎ&ᔜNẆ。ᜧîᳮᜧ[34]ᑭᵨᐝᔾᦈᦣiẆ&3UᜳöḄðÒ¦§¬H§ᘤḄ§³ᱯឋ。Ẇ:，ðÒ§ᘤòḄᜳö，§³ᡂḄ/ᔠᵨÔ，Æᓄᵨùñ。Uñð§Ò§ᘤᜳöF*.`aḄ*。ᜩDᜧ[35]ç?°iẆ&MN⏣bR¬ᙠ3UóÅḄ§³ᱯឋ。fg:®ᧇᱥឋW§w¬Ḅüýק³᝱ïòḄóᓄᨵᜧ´。`ÏÐ&Huh-Gosman-KH-RT³ᓄẚ¿KẆGDIMÒ§ᘤḄẚ¿Hᳮ[36]。Ẇ:，ᙠ§i'i，§Ò¤º»W³ᓄḄ´ᜧÀÆýº»。ª«§½W®ẚ¿Ḅ´ᑮ½ḄᑴÑ，½«ñ，ª«§½B^Òᨵ³À®Ḅ³ᓄ。ôçᜧ[37]ç?ᐝᦣḄËiẆ&õ⏣¦§§³Ḅ§³ᱯឋ，`!ᑮ&3U§½×½Ḅ§³┵öק³`aḄfgᦪ×9g",。ö÷ᜧ[38]ᑭᵨCFDKw&GDI:ýH3U§øᶍḄÅᔠÆᑴᜓ?å。'¬ᢈ©Ẇ'<[39]ç?fgwẆ&GDI§ᘤ§³3U▤Ḅ§³ᱯû，`!§³`a9g",。9 7389:1.64ᦻẆ1Ḅ6⌕ᑁ89:;Ò,¦§¬§ᘤ§Ò±ᜐḄ®ýẚ¿ᱯឋ¦3´®Ḅ1ẚ¿、L1ẚ¿§³:Î᝱。Wᑁ᜜ḄẆ⌕l'ᙠ¦§¬§ᘤ§³ḄᐰíÅᱯឋ᝞┵ö`a，L±<ᐵ-Ò,¦§¬§ᘤḄ§Ò±ᜐîí§³ᱯឋק³í3U9¹{·ᜧḄ§³ᱯឋ。ᵫÀ®1ẚ¿:}ᙠ§Ò±▬îḄîíᜐ，º¼，ᦻz$éWÕḄö，ᑖ᪆Ò,¦§¬§ᘤḄ®ýᱯឋק³ᱯឋ，Aüa¦§¬§ᘤ®1ẚ¿Hᳮ§³wgJªᨵᦔḄfgᦪ。Uñ，§³íᑁ¹{·ᜧḄ§³fg，W§³L1ẚ¿ḄẆ@ᐹᨵ¹⌕bc。A¼，ᦻÍÎ&᝞Ẇ：1.ÏЧ³ÔÕ·ᜧºfÚÛ，`᪗x¾íᑁý4ᜧ。2.ÊÀMATLABÞ，Í:§³ßàã)Rᑖ᪆Þ。3.ᑭᵨ«è᤬RÔÕ·ᜧËi，Ẇ3U§ᩩÒ,¦§¬§ᘤîíḄ§³ᱯឋ，ᒹ駳┵ö、§³èק³ẚ¿ᱯឋ。4.ᑭᵨ«è᤬RÔÕ·ᜧËi，ẆÒ,¦§¬§ᘤ§³íᑁ3U9Ḅ§³ᱯឋ，üa®L1ẚ¿Ḅᱯឋ。10 718JKLMNJK?OPQ<=>?@9=>%AB2.1=>?@BRSTᘤUVWXVW「>^3ß2-1fgh9_ßᦻfgç?▢i!ᑮ3U§½º᛻½ᩩḄîí§³ßà。A&¬¦§¬§ᘤîí§³ºf⌕°，þÏ&ÿᵨḄÔÕ·ᜧᵨᐝÙºfÚÛ，᝞ß2-1ᡠa。h9⌕ᒹéx~Ö、®ᧇkÚÛ、ËᑴᵨvH、Ume:ËᑴᵯÙ、、PhotronFastcamSA5K«è᤬àH、InfinityModelK2-SC!=>ÔÕx~Ö½Ç⁚ÚÛ。2.1.1ᧇDEFGÚÛᵫ½Ù«½ÙÁᡂ。z½ÚÛz'Ḅ®*½ᑮ0.5MPa¡9®öᘤ〈ᐭ«½Ö。«½ÖᵫᵯHý，`z®Tm*½¡Öᐭ«½ᐳ'。ç?hᙠ«½ᐳḄ½▀Ëᑴ'Ḅ§½ᜧ，`ᵫhᙠḄT¸½ó〈ᘤºÔaᩭ。Aðñ®ᧇÁᑖó11 718JKLMNJK?OPQ^4,5,6(a)E☢(b)☢（c)☢ß2-2¦§¬§ᘤ§ÒᑖGßᓄ，$½▀Ḅ®ᐭü¡3ZMᵨ。ᙠ=>§ᘤ§Ò±Ê78mmᜐhᨵT¸½1ᘤ，ᵨᩭº§?å'§ᘤᐭ±ÊḄ½óᓄ。fgᡠᵨ§ᘤBosch"#Ḅᖪᵨ6Òᵯ▀,ᑁͦ§¬§ᘤ。ᐸ§ᘤ§ÒᑖG᝞ß2-2ᡠa。§ᘤ┐▀ᨵ½·，§Ò¦;A0.23mm。A&■RMÒ§³0òḄé¦᡾，ᙠfg，ᑭᵨ⊡ᑺᛋ&§ᘤ'Ḅ2〜5§Ò，ᶇᚖ¦ᔣḄ1§ÒfgẆ。zᦋ⌼¡ḄᓫÒ§ᘤhᑮfg，`tJ:ÎËᔣᚖ¦ᔣ。2.1.2+HIJ᤬LMFGfgñ，MᵨḄ«èéHAPhotron"#}ḄFastcamSA5K«è᤬àH，᝞ß2-3ᡠa。éHᵨCMOS1ᘤᢈ©，ᐸᨬᜧᑖ᳛A1,024x1,024，ᐸᨬ«Ḅê᤬᳛y100。éHᐝ«，ᐹᨵT!12ᓫ⁐#ᱏ，y+ÕZᱥḄ⁐%ý᝱É，ᐹᨵ᩽4Ḅᐝ'ឋ。␺ÀFastcamSA5ḄᱯO，ᓝᑖ〉ᔠᵨÀ®、ᑁ®HLᯚ1*«èTýḄê᤬。2-3]^᤬`.12 718JKLMNJK?OPQfgMᵨPhotron"#ᔣᵨᡝªḄPhotron’sFastcamViewer(PFV)Þ，ê᤬⚣᳛A100kfps(framespersecond),ûßàḄà»OA256x232，é,´ûßà0òḄñòò◞A10#。.ᐝñòA370ns，+ù<«è}Ḅ/。InfinityModelK2-SC!=>ÔÕyÇᯖ=y260mm，À§³í'3U9·ᜧßàḄÇ⁚。³«è᤬àHê᤬ᑮöᨎḄ§³ßà，ßà'1¸à»Ḅ▭!A6.71pm。§áê᤬áᵫlabviewᑏḄåæUme:ËᑴḄ。ᙠᱯxḄ§9，ᵫhᙠvH'ḄNIPCI-6154«èᓱ:Ume:á。§á9§ᘤ2ý3}o,2ýᵯ，Ëᑴ§ᘤḄ§ᾭ5。2.2HIᜐᳮPQᦪgßàᜐᳮ（DigitalImageProcessing)TÜAvHßàᜐᳮ，zßàá6ᣚAᦪgá，`ᑭᵨvHWᐸᜐᳮḄ?å。MATLABmathworks"#:GḄ⌕ᵨÀ·v、y¾ᓄ+צ,åæõḄ«·ᢈvº᛻。MATLABW·Ẇ⚞0Mᵨᨬ8ḄªᵨÞ0T，ᐹᨵÆᜧḄ9▣v、;Tvᦪy¾ᓄ$^，TN_ᓫ᧕ᵨ、y᡽ÎឋÆḄÚÛÍ:º᛻，ᦪgßàᜐᳮḄᳮI。§³fg!ᑮḄᦪᵫ´¸ÐḄMATLABåæßàᜐᳮḄ。îí§³ᜐᳮåæ⌕ᑖ᪆ßà<ᦪ᝞îí§³┵ö，®±èק³F¿Ḅ⊤☢áâ。§³í3U9ßàᜐᳮåæᑣv®Ḅᱯᙳ¦;（SMD)。2.2.1RS+HIᜐᳮPQîí§³èvåæå᝞ß2-5ᡠa。ᐜz=ᐭḄ½§³ßàḄ>8ᣵ，`ᵨ¦ËßᑖGᑨ〉³Ḅ█×，Zz§³ßà6ᣚAᮞß。A&!ᑮÒB^ḄC，◤⌕8◀ᕜÉẚ¿Ḅ/。ç®Ḅü8Cᡈ᝱Ḅῖ⇨FGËi«*HᜫAy.ᩖḄáâ，`5WÀ¦;ᜧḄ/Ò«+ᜐᳮᣵ。º¼ᦻ᪷▭Kòª&çTN8◀ᓫ¸/´`ºCḄËi。8ᣵßà'JÐ/ç?20X20à»Ḅº9▣ᔊ᦮¸ßà，ᔊ?å'ᑤᣵßà'ᡠᨵÀ20X20à»ḄJL。ç?NËiy+4Ḅ◀ᣵßà'Ḅᓫ¸/，`5tᶇ&ßàḄöᨎ。ᵫÀ§13 718JKLMNJK?OPQ³ßàᨵ4Ḅ┦，º¼ᙠy+¦3ç?ºßà¦ËßḄᮞNºßà。^x§Ò9Oßà'®±9Ḅ'<。ᵫÀî§ᘤÊ0.2mmᑁḄᐝ2ñ，L5§ᘤ¦;éWéHḄ>ãᜧ，º¼§ᘤP，vᩭḄ§³Cç®`3ᐝú。A¼，ᦻᵨḄËiQOᑮ®▢Ḅᨬ«O¡vᨬ«Oᔣ8¸à»®Ḅ'<9，`WMÁßàḄ'<9ᙳ，^x§Ò'<。RX½ß৳2Ḅ§³`a§³ᨬᜧḄ`a，`ù8Tñß2-5îí§³èvåæåß14 718JKLMNJK?OPQ'<2`a(a)§³┵öxc(b)`axcß2-6§³<ᦪxcqḄ`a!ᑮ2ËᔣḄ§³èᨬᜧ`aḄ§³è。§³`aḄxc᝞ß2-6(b)ᡠa，'òS2Av!ᑮḄ§Ò'<2，ËᔣḄ¦2¼ñºḄᚖ¦ËᔣḄ`a。îí§³`aºḄWḄ⌕TU®À§ñÊḄ:Îè。ᵫÀḄ:Îᑮ§ÒᑁýᱯឋḄ´，:Î3rxḄ，ᓽ3WÜḄ。ᦻ⌱_:ᚖ¦ËᔣḄ`aATU§³:ᚖ¦ËᔣḄ:Îè，R1ÛÛ§³`aḄËiᨵᡠ3U。ᦻᡠᵨḄ§³┵öxcË,᝞ß2-6(a)ᡠa，§³W⁐Ḅ2ã)Ḅ§³C，´ᩩX⁐Ḅ¦2ç?CᨬLYiwᔠ!ᑮḄ，ᑣ´ᩩX⁐¦2òḄᜳöᓽAñqḄ§³┵ö。§³┵öḄᜐᳮåæå᝞ß2-7ᡠa。ßàᜐᳮåæᐜv50ûßà§Ò9Ḅᙳ×，ZW`a¾íḄ§³ßàù8>`ᮞᜐᳮ。ᵨ!20à»Ḅ9▣ᔊßàḄËi§8ßà'ḄJÐO，Æoᐰ(ᙠ9▣'Ḅ®▢ᣚA>。L¡ç?50ûßà¦Ëß!ᑮḄᙳ█×WßàL×ᓄᜐᳮ`ª§³C。z§³Z[´Cwᔠᡂ¦2，`v´¦2ᜳöᓽA§³┵ö。Uñª§³Z[´CḄáâ，ᢥ᯿wᔠḄ¦2ᑖ᪆，!ᑮ§³Cüýßà。2.2.2+STUV@=>HIᜐᳮPQ§³í3U9fgßàᜐᳮå᝞ß2-8ᡠa。✌ᐜz=ᐭḄ§³ßà◀8>，¼]y+z>C、y¾^±Oᵨáâ$ßà'§◀，Uñ15 718JKLMNJK?OPQß2-7îí§³┵övåßß2-8§³ív;ã)åߪ«&/ã)?åḄy☠ឋ。z◀8>Ḅßà9?ᮞᜐᳮ，`ç?ᮞßàḄ᩽×ᑨßàᔲT/▢。ᜐᳮF/¦;ßà◤⌕AᩖḄvi。ᙠ«·ᜧµᦪḄᩩ，éH>ã`，*ᨵᜧḄ/3ᙠᯖ=。3ᙠᯖ=Ḅ/P¦;*:}16 718JKLMNJK?OPQóᓄ，`5/a⁐*ó`。º¼，3ᙠᯖ=ḄF/zb*ᙠ>óA᡾，´W᪗/（ᜐÀᯖ=a⁐ãḄ/）Ḅã)。᪷ßàᱯO，ᦻᡠḄã)ᯖ=ᜐ/v;ḄËi⌕☠F/Ḅa⁐。9?ᜐᳮ¡，ᮞ?Tx█×ḄF/zAW᪗F/ã)ᐸC。MATLABßàᑖᒘ⌕ᒹé+oN®ᵨËi：ßà█×ᑖᒘi、ºiú0}!i。ßà█×ᑖᒘiTNA«ᦔḄßàᑖᒘËi，Ëiç?3U█×Ḅ⌱zßàᢥ᯿ᮞ¶ᑖA3UḄ{ᑖ，UT{ᑖᐹᨵéîḄᮞ。ç®ᵨÀW᪗áâᙠßà'ᙠÔa⁐úᑖ。ºßàᑖᒘ、W᪗ú0ã)ßàᑖ᪆⚞0Ḅ¹⌕Ëi0T。ËiᵨÀºßà¹{ᱯûḄ3îÉឋ，ç®ᒹéßàᮞ×ó、a⁐ó。y+ç?ËᑴóḄᒓå+×óËᔣWßàºḄ'ឋd+Ëᑴ。ú0}!iç?^xT¸Neà»AO，ç?ᔣᕜÉQOéæᐗ»ᔠ`，Z+gḄᐗ»A%OᔣᕜÉÈÉQOéæᐗ»。ᵫÀ/ᡠᜐ>3Uº¼᝞#ᓫç?ßà█×ᑖᒘ、ºᡈú0}!ḄËiᜐᳮß౫ᑮᳮIḄᦔ#，º¼ᦻÿᔠßà█×ᑖᒘ׺ḄËi+F/ã)ḄWḄ。᦮¸ᜧ{ᑖßᱏáâ，ᦻ⌱x&´¸█×zßàᑖA&obú0，ZTú0ᑁᙠᑭᵨSobelveᔁÇv，!ᑮF/C。3ᩭ◤⌕ªC'Ḅᡠᨵ/áâ。hóᣚTN®ᵨḄªW᪗ßᱏ'3U7áâḄËi。hóᣚzßàCç?᩽ᙶ᪗6ᣚᑮ>ᦣḄ<ᦪᙶ-.0.5•^2.5SMD=27|jm(a)%ßà（b)ᜐᳮ¡F/ßà(c)ß2-9§½5MPaSMDv?å17 718JKLMNJK?OPQ᪗，ᯠ¡ç?j*ᘤRX;ᔠ⌕°ḄOḄ¸ᦪ。᪷j*ᘤ'Ḅ᩽ᜧ×^xT¸█×，RXᡠᨵ¬█×Ḅßáâ。ᦻç?hóᣚ，!ᑮßà'¬᝱⌕°ḄF/，`RXF/¸ᦪצ;，+¼v!ᑮñqḄSMD`t。ß2-9k&§½A5MPa，½A0.1MPañ§ᘤÊ10mmᜐḄßàᜐᳮ?å，ᐸ'ß9(a)A%§³ßà。ß（b)A9?ᜐᳮ¡Ḅ§³ßà。ᵫÀᜮ·ᜧµᦪ«，5éHḄ>ã，º¼ê᤬ñlᨵT{ᑖ/veᜐᙠᯖ☢。ᵫÀᐝḄᢚM!ᜐᙠᯖ=☢Ḅ/Òl，`5┦ᑭ。ᵫÀᐝḄᢚÖᡂàḄº，3ᙠᯖ☢Ḅ/*ó!Òᜧa⁐Ò`，ᶍl'ò{ᑖÒ*Ö。³/¦;Àßà'T¸à»（6.71mm)ñ，m᧜ᙠß（b)'Ḅa⁐@*`。ß9(c)ᙠß9(b)ḄÊẠᑭᵨHoughóᣚã)vḄ/，᝞pᙌᡠa。Ûß9(c)'¸ᙠᯖ=/Ḅ¦;，᪷SMD",：Yn.dziSMD=G11(2-1)v!ß9(c)ḄSMD=27pm。ç?§³ßàv§³ᩩḄSMD<ᦪᙠ+rḄẆ'8ᨵMᵨ[17][4<)]，`5RPDAᔊ9ºËi&W。2.3=>WX9=>%ᫀ2.3.1RS+=>WXîí§³fg⌕Ẇ§Ò±0〜1.5mmᑁḄ§³ᱯឋ。ᵫÀ·ᜧµᦪ«，ê᤬>ã，Ç᦮éH=>M§³ᜐÀéHᯖ☢éWk«。fgñ，ᵨ½§Ḅsi，QOᯖ☢Ḅ9。ºA，ᙠ§½®è，§³ßà'ᨵ“/”，5öᨎ，y、᤮ý，Ò~᧕Oᑮ§Òᚖ¦9。ᙠê᤬?å':，1§ÿñ«*ᨵ<+▬Ḽᙠ§Ò±。ᙠT1fgḄñ᎛，§ÒᜐḄ+*W§³᝱⌼ᡂᜧḄ´。LᙠÕ:ýH'，§ÒᜐᶇḄ®ᙠ1§ñ*pµᣵ。ß2-10k&§½A2MPa，½A0.1MPañḄ§ßà。ß'+:§áA0æ。dTÁfg9?51§¡W§ᘤ§Òᜐᜐᳮ¦3§fgê᤬Ḅßᱏ，dLÁfgᙠdTÁfg0¡ᜐᳮᣵ&§Ò±ᕜÉḄ+¡Ḅê᤬fg。18 718JKLMNJK?OPQW´Áßᱏy+vᑮᨵ+ÁḄ®*ᙠ®ᜮ{ᡂᜧḄↈ+，ïḼḄ:Î+p!ᡂAwḄx。Lᙠ+Ḅfg'§³Ḅ᝱3§ÒḄ´，ᨵᑮ+Ḅyz。W®§§ÒḄñqy+:，ᨵ+ñ®§Ò{è，`5®:Îè᠒。_§ÒᜐḄ+yz&§i®Ḅ:Îè。ñò30(as40(as50(as60(as70(as••ᨵ+tfñò50(as60(as70(as80(as90(asmWmm+♦▲Iß2-10§½A2MPa，½A0.1MPa§ᘤ±+ßàW⊤2-1§ᘤᜮ{öᳮR+ḄᐵÚ§½/MPaöᳮ§ᘤñ+Áᦪöᳮ§ᘤñ+Áᦪ241540841⊤2-1ᙠ3U§½，½A0.1MPañ16Áfg§³ßà'+Ḅ1ᦪÛÿ#。ᐸ'8Áᙠ§öᳮ&ᣵ§ᘤᜮ{Ḅ®，ç8Á3Xᜐᳮ。WᙠÁê᤬W§ᘤᜮ{ᜐᳮḄ᯿ᱏ:，§ᘤÍpñᕈ+7R§ᘤᜮ{Ḅ®ᧇᨵÔḄᐵÚ。§½«À8MPañ，ᵫÀ®ᧇ>ͧÒñḄè±ᜧ，W+Ḅᑖ*}TxḄk«，10MPa+¡Êᑖ3+ᔲᡂ。$☢ḄᦪFy+v，ᙠÁfgW§ᘤᜮ{ᜐᳮWÁfgᔲ*}+ᨵÔ℉Ḅ´。ὃ⇋ᑮ§ᘤᜮ{+W§³?åḄ´，fgñ1§¡ᙳöᳮ&§ᘤḄᜮ{。19 718JKLMNJK?OPQ.—■'in_________________i±______(a)7kfps᪗x¾íᜧ（b)1Mfps᪗x¾íᜧß2-11fgê᤬·ᜧµᦪḄ¾í᪗xA&^x·ᜧê᤬ßà'Ḅý4，◤⌕WéH¾íḄ45᪗x。᪗xËizºÕ49À§ᘤ§Ò☢ᜐ，x!=>ÔÕḄ·ᜧµᦪ，lç?Ç⁚éH9¦☢'ºÕ4ßàᨬAöᨎ。6ýE4ö，tJßà'Ḅ´EḄ᪗4U᪵öᨎ。ß2-11(a)ê᤬⚣᳛A7kfpsḄºÕ4ßà，ß（b)Aê᤬⚣᳛A1MfpsḄºÕ4ßà，ᡠᨵê᤬ᩩRfg?åtᢝT.。ß'ºÕ4TÉ⊤▭=>0.1mm，v!ᑮfg?å'ßᱏ'1à»⊤▭=>6.71—。ᡠᨵ§³íᑁº«ÊÀ¼ᦪ×。2.3.2RS+=>%ᩩèᜧ，5§³?åᨵïHüý。A&ù§?å'§³ßàḄïH，T¸fgOê᤬&101。fg⌱_&5'§½：1MPa、2MPa、5MPa、8MPa、12MPa。Á½Ḅ§½ᙳA0.1MPa、0.2MPa、0.3MPa、0.6MPa、0.8MPa1MPa，§ᾭ53ms。ᓄᦪ（CDT¸´§³᝱Ḅ¹⌕<ᦪ，-CN=」——^(2-2)P.-Ig,'，PiA½，PvA®Ḅ⛳A¬½，PgAº᛻Ƹ½。20 718JKLMNJK?OPQA&ᑖ᪆ᓄᦪW§³ᱯឋḄ´，ç?ᦋ󧽧½，B!&3UḄᓄᦪfgC。fgñḄ§ᾭ5A3ms，§½A1MPa，2MPa5MPa，ᓄᦪA1.03〜2.68。2.3.3+STUV@=>W[fg⌕Ẇ¦§¬§ᘤ§³íᑁ3U9ᜐ¹{·ᜧ§³K᝱。ᙠfg?å':，M1§³¡，*ᨵM®F/ᙠx~Öᑁ。ᯠᙠ>'ḄéH¾ᑁ/¸ᦪ<，§ñᕜÉÆ'Ḅ/*ïḼÆpᔁᔾ§³'，`Rᐸ7/:}tu¹gB!ý^。º¼T*Wᱯᙳ¦;（SMD)Ḅº}TxḄ´。º¼ᙠ1fg0¡◤⌕zx~ÖᑁḄƸᐰ{，`$gᐙᐭÆ。fgñḄ§½A5MPa10MPa，§½A0.1MPa1MPa，§ᾭ5A2ms。fgO^m᧜¦§¬HᙠᐺKòḄ§øᶍ。ᙠo¸3UḄ9W§³&ê᤬，ᑖ)À§ᘤ§ÒË10mm、20mm30mm。9Ḅê᤬O$§ᘤ2Í%1ᔣ[ý0.86mm，5ê᤬9Ḅ¸ᦪ$«ᑮT1ᨵ2¸、3¸4¸。2.44]e_⌕Aj&Ẇîí§³×§³íᑁ3U9§³ᱯឋñᡠ◤⌕Ḅfgõᜓ，ᦪᜐᳮåæfgËᫀ。ᒹé：1.Aj&§³fgh9，⌕ᒹéÚÛ，ßê᤬lÚÛ。2._ᓫAj&3UfgᩩᡠMᵨḄMATLABᜐᳮåæḄåᡠ^Ḅ$^，`xc&§³ᱯឋ<ᦪ。3._ᓫAj&fgḄmøËi。4.Aj&fgᩩËᫀḄ⌱_ᑣ。21 7a8bcᱯឋẆ^RS+ᱯឋẆ13.1RS+_P+ᱯឋfgñ，«è᤬àHḄê᤬⚣᳛A100kfps(framespersecond),ûßàḄà»OA256x232，é,´ûßà0òḄñòò◞A10。.ᐝñòA370ns。A&ù§?å'§³ßàḄïH，T¸fgOê᤬&101，`ASOI10(as20(as60^sIOlOfas1420(as0I0.5-A1m:çIIIASOI1990(as2480(as3430(as3500(as3510(as0_0.5-ff1miIIifß3-1§½A12MPa，½A0.1MPañḄîí§³ßàᵨḄßàã)åæWᓫ1§?å'ᡠ!ᑮḄûßàᜐᳮ，!ᑮTñqḄ§³è§³┵ö。ᨬ¡WUTñq101fgᡠ!Ḅ§³è§³┵öᙳ，!ᑮTñqḄᙳ§³è§³┵ö。ᦻᑖ᪆ñᵨ§¡(ASOI,afterstartofinjection)ḄñË,，ᓽzdTû®§ḄTûßRAAS0I=0。§ᘤ§Ò¡Ḅ½´®ýḄ¹⌕<ᦪ0T。´Ḽ§³Ḅ:Îè、§³┵öḄᜧ+ק³ẚ¿³ᓄḄᦔ#。ß3-1k&§½（§½Rº᛻Ƹ½0）A12MPa，½A0.1MPa§ᾭ53msñ§Ò▬îḄ§³ßà。§³ßà'F¿a⁐ã，F¿ᕜÉḄy/a⁐`。ᙠÆFC☢ᙠḼMḄy/，F᝱Ḅ&⊤☢ü，Tᙠ½ḄKòÒAÔ。ᙠ᦮¸§?å'，®᝱9ᔊ&$3wᑣᑮwᑣ，Zᑮ3wᑣḄ?å。ᙠ§i(ASOI<60^s),§³Ḅ᝱±3rx，ᐸ:ÎḄïHឋᜧ，`5®Ḅẚ¿?åᓝᑖᒓ，ᙠᕜÉᜧÉᑁᡂ&22 7a8bcᱯឋẆyḄ/。ᑮAS〇I=1010psñ，᝱éWrx，Ò*┦ᓄ，_³ᓄᵨÍ%▤ᨵᡠùñ。ASOIᙠ1010〜2480#ñ，ᙠüý，L5ẚ¿Ḅú0×Æ@ᙠóᓄ。§?åᓽzÿñ(AS0I=3430p)，ów，5ÆFC☢ó，Z1ó!3rx。R§%▤é，¼ñ§³óᓄᨵᡠùñ。ᙠ§³ÿ▤，ᓽASOIᙠ3500〜3510^sñ，⌲¯óↈᡂw!Ḅx，`ᑖ>ᜧḄ/。50，§½º᛻½：O.IMPaIMPa2MPa§ᾭ5：3ms5MPa"8MPa40-12MPa,øùúüý⊦ùúiÿú30-20-10-00100020003000ASOI(us)ß3-23U§½§³┵öïñòḄóᓄß3-2k&º᛻½A0.1MPa，§ᾭ5A3ms，§½ᑖ)A1MPa、2MPa、5MPa、8MPa12MPa，§Òîíᜐ§³┵öïñòóᓄḄ。AÀᑖ᪆，᪷§³┵öḄóᓄᱯû，z§ÒᜐḄ§³?åᑖAøùú(AS0I=0~350^s),ᜧûüýú(AS0I=350〜2000ᕥ)，üý⊦ùú(AS0I=2000〜3000p)ÿú¸▤。ᙠ§³ᡂi▤，ïḼñòḄóᓄ，§³┵öញᒓù，`ïᨵᒓüý。ᵫÀ¼▤§ᘤ┐▀Ípèg，ᙠ§ᘤ«½Ὶᑁᡂ½FGümü，®½óý**è§ÒᑁḄᓄᡂ，M!§³┵öóᜧ。½ḄᒓóýU᪵*⌼ᡂ®¤ḄÆ，`´§³iḄ³ᓄ?å[2<)]。§ᘤ┐▀ᑮᨬᜧᓣå¡，«½®Ḅ½óý{è⊦ù，§³┵öóᓄå。ïḼ§½Ḅª«，┐▀Ípñᐸ{ᡠᑮḄ;ᜧ，┐▀ḄÍp23 7a8bcᱯឋẆèÒg。º¼ïḼ§½Ḅᜧ，Íp▤ñḄ§³┵öóᓄÒ*ᒓ。Han[16]Bae[17]ᙠݧᘤ§³%▤@:&T。ᙠᜧûüýú'，3U§½Ḅ§³┵öU᪵@ᕜiឋḄüý，ûᜧ，⚣᳛T.。ᑖ᪆A，ᙠ¼▤，§ᘤÍpñᙠ§ᘤÊ}½FGümü，$L.§Ò±ᜐ½Ḅóý，'å§Ò±ᜐ§³┵öḄóý。ç᜜，ÆḄ´@y^.§³┵öḄᕜióᓄ。Æ*ᜧ§³┵ö。Chaves[41]ḄẆ:，§ÒᑁÆḄ}ᕈ7§§ÒḄ，`5N7⊤&Txᕜiឋ。ᵫÀê᤬?åᵨḄ▢i，º¼l^vᑮᐝËᔣḄᢗ，º¼7§ḄÆ ;*⌼ᡂ§³ßᱏᕜiឋóᓄḄ§³┵ö。§³ᜐÀüý⊦ùúñ，§³┵öḄóý，ºA，ᙠ§ᘤ┐▀Íp▤'åḄ½üᙠ«½'3⊦ù，«½'Ḅ½üýù，ᡠ+§³┵öḄóᓄûù。L5ᙠ«½，§³┵ö3î，óᓄÉÒ。ᙠ§³ÿú，§ᘤ8ãRᵯ，ᙠ§ᘤ┐▀ÖḄᵨ，┐▀Í%()，ᵫÀᑮ§Òᑁ®Ḅyᵨ，┐▀`3^{è()，◤9ᔊT¸⊦ù?å，᪵ᙠ§ᘤḄ½·ᑁᡂ½ᓣ«₩，M!§ᨵᡠÝ，`M§³┵öᨵᡠ*，▤§³┵öḄóᓄéWr。§³┵ö$§³ᐭºÉÍ%vḄ。§½WªḄ§³è，º¼，½ñ§³┵ö£2ḄÍ%ñqéW。ᙠ§½A1MPañ，fVO.IMPa---0.6MPa40■ᾭe：3msIMPa---1.4MPaüý⊦ùúÿú<---------------------->i*30■~I~0100020003000ASOI(Us)ß3-3§½A8MPañ，º᛻Ƹ½W§³┵öḄ´24 7a8bcᱯឋẆ3rx▤§³┵öüýᨬAᒓ。}Ḅºy^，ᙠḄ½，®ûÒ[42]，┐▀ᙠÍp?å'Ḅ₩Òᜧ，'å§ᘤᑁ{½óᓄ，$L´§³᝱。W§³┵ö:Î?å£2üᜐᳮ，!ᑮüý▤é,´¸ᨬᜧ§³┵ö0òḄñòò◞，ᵫ¼!ᑮᨬᜧ§³┵öüýḄ⚣᳛。¸òO°!Ḅ⚣᳛ᓝᑖ3î，ᡠᨵ⚣᳛ᑖGᙳᙠ3.08±0.05kHzᑁ。§ñº᛻½@´§³ᱯឋḄ¹⌕º»0T。ß3-3A§½A8MPañ，º᛻Ƹ½W§³┵öóᓄḄ´。Rß3-2é，ᦋó½M!§³┵ö᦮¸ª«，LWüý⚣᳛×ûᨵ¡ᜧ´。ïḼ§³Ḅ:Î，ᙠᜧûüýú¢/，«½Ḅ§³┵öR½Í%Ôᑖ>。_º᛻AB´&§Ò±ᜐ§³Ḅý᝱，.§³┵öóýûḄᜧ，5Wüý⊦ùú×ÿú´Ò*ᒓ。U᪵y+v，ᙠ3UḄº᛻Ƹ½ᩩ，§³┵öḄüý⚣᳛Rß3-2éæ，_§³┵öüýḄ⚣᳛a²3§½º᛻Ƹ½óᓄḄ´。A&ᑖ᪆'Ḅ®½7᝱R§³┵ö0òḄᐵÚ，ß3-4k&§½A5MPañ§³┵öR§ᘤʽïñòḄóᓄ。ᵫvy£，§ᘤÊ®½¤×Ḅ⚣᳛A2kHz，§³┵öüý⚣᳛1.08kHz,_§ᘤᑁῚ'Fᡂ&▬*½üb*ᙠ½ᾭýü。ᐸ'§ᘂᑁῚ'Ḅ½üý*.ᒓḄᓄ[43]。ASOI/usß3-4§½A5MPañ，§³┵öR½ïñòḄóᓄ25 7a8bcᱯឋẆ3.2ᘤ`abcRS+ᱯឋß3-5k&§½A1MPañ，§¡3UñqḄîí§³᝱。y+v，ïḼ§ᘤ┐▀ḄÍp，ᶇᙠ§ÒᑁḄ/ᜳᩖḼ{ᑖÆᙠ§ᘤᑁ{®Ḅý§§Ò。ᑮAS0I=20pñ，ᙠ§³Ê*ᨵT¾ᜧḄ/ᡂ。ᵫÀ¼ñ§ᘤ┐▀ᓣå±，®，º¼，'Ḅ«½®1⌴k§Ò'®Ḅ^éW，.&ᨬÀ§§ÒḄ>ᦣḄ/è5v;ᜧ[44]。ASOI=20(asASOI=60(asASOI=2860(asß3-5§½A1MPa，º᛻Ƹ½A0.1MPañ，3UñqḄ§³ßᙠAS0I=60pñ，┐▀Íp?å'*ᙠ§Òᑁ}ᓄ，ᡂ&3rxḄ®ýx，Uñᡂ&éWᜧḄ§³┵ö。3rxḄ®ýᡂ&ÒᜧḄF/x，Uñᡂ&éWᜧḄ§³┵ö，ºAᙠḄ┐▀ᓣåᩩ，§Òᑁ®Ḅ¤ÆÆ，M!®$§Ò§ñᙠᔜ¸ËᔣèᑖG3WÜ。`5ïḼ§½Ḅª«，®ᧇḄ¤Æ*，N3rx*Ò*Ô[22]。éAS0I=2860ñḄ§³᝱，i᝱Ò*ïH，5ÆFC☢}ᜧ$F¿ᒑ>ḄF/。ASOI=20(asASOI=40(asASOI=2860(asß3-6§½A5MPa，º᛻Ƹ½A0.1MPañ，3UñqḄ§³ß26 7a8bcᱯឋẆß3-6k&§½A5MPañ，3UñqḄîí§³᝱ß。y+v，ᙠAS0I=20ñ，ᯠ┐▀ᜐÀÍp?åḄi▤，§½«Àß3-5'Ḅ§½1MPa，§ᘤÊᑮÒᜧḄ½，º¼┐▀ḄÍpèÒg，ᡂ&ᜧḄx7。®¤Æ@*ïḼ§ᘤḄgèᡭÍL*ᒓ[45]。§Ḅ®+/FxḄ,y^À§Òᑁ®Ḅᶇ+קᘤ┐▀ḄÍpè。éAS0I=20ñ，§iḄẚ¿!ÔÒ。_®¤Æ*´Ḅ1ẚ¿，`Wẚ¿!ᨵḼ¹⌕´。ᙠ«Ḅ§½，§i(ASOI=40)8ᙠᕜÉᡂ&My/，L5ᙠAS0I=2860^sñ，ᕜÉḄ³ᓄKò@Ô4À½1MPa，5Ḅᑖ!Ôó。@ᙠᦻ[14][46]'ªᑮ。_，«Ḅ§½´&§Ò±ᜐ§³Ḅÿ᪀᝱，+ק¡ÉḄẚ¿³ᓄ:Î?å。urnC13PMMMapPaaa)n)n6P4)aIxMIx½（MPa)ASOI(us)ß3-73U§½Ḅ§³èß3-8§½A2MPañ，§³èïñòḄóᓄ£2ß3-7A§iÊḄTýè。ᙠéUḄ½，§³èóᓄ3ᜧ。ïḼ½ᓣ«，§³èᨵù᠒Ḅ。Ḅºy+$ß3-8'!ᑮq§。ß3-8k&§½A2MPa，3U½îí§³è:Îw¬£2。y+öᨎᙢvᑮ，ᙠ½A0.1〜0.6MPañ，§³èᙠ᦮¸?å'ÊtᢝT.。³½ª«ᑮ1MPañ，§³èᙠAS0I=20ñÔÀ½ᩩḄᙳè，`ᙠ³Ḅ:Î?å'è3ª«ᙳ。ᙠ½1.4MPañÒAÔ。_，ïḼ½Ḅ«，®◤⌕Ò!Ḅñò*èᑮ®Ḅè。«½ᕜÉƸW§Òᑁ{ḄÆ®ᑖG}&´，yz&§i§³Ḅ:Î。ï¡®¨©&ᕜÉƸḄyz，:ᔣḄ§³èTÔᙢ*&。ç᜜，ᙠ§ᘤ┐▀ÀᡭÍḄ7ò，«½ᨵy^*z§ÒḄ27 7a8bcᱯឋẆ®ᡈÆ᎔½ᐭ§ᘤ，º¼yz&iḄ:Î。«½ᩩ§³Ḅ*è?å&«½ñ§³:ÎèḄᙳ×，º¼§³è*ᕈï½ᓣ«LḄ。²<ᦪReynoldsᦪ(Re)Ohnesorgeᦪ(Z)y+TU§³³ᓄå。ᐸ'，Re(3-1)Z=-rt^==(3-2)VPld,'，P1A® ，UA®§è，d0A§Ò¦;，ᑁAF¸û，oAF¸⊤☢½。I1-EKW1.E+05HeynoldsNumber.Heß3-93UᩩḄ§³ẚ¿bKß3-9+RASᙶ᪗，ZAªᙶ᪗«ᑴḄᔜᑖ᝱ú0ḄC[47][48]，ß'X⁐Ë᪾⊤aß3-5'òᡠᙠú0，oö⊤aß3-6ᡠᙠú0，ß'S2᪗ã&ᐰ{fgÉ。ᵫ,(3-1),(3-2)y+v!，ß3-5'Ḅ§½A1MPa，Re=1.9x104，Z=6x10_3，®ᑖË,AdLb}ᑖ。ᑖ:}ᙠ§ÒTx=>ᜐ，5ẚ¿!ÀdTbᑖ。ᑖºÆFé¦ᵨ}Ḅü!᡾ýüḄ3rx![49]。F¸⊤☢½W᡾ýüḄ!åᢓᑴᵨ。ᙠAS〇I=60^sñ，ᙠᕜÉᨵ/ᡂ，LᙠASOI=2860psñ，¾íᑁa²ᨵ³ᡂ。³§½ᜧ5MPañ，Re=4.2x104，Z=6x10_3，®y+¦3³ᓄ。®>ͧҡ⊤☢*Ðᓽ:}ᑖ，}ᜧyÕF/。ᡂḄF/¦;®À§Ò¦;，ᑖ!A¯[49]。ᵫß3-6y°，ᙠASOI=40pñ，◀&ᨵ28 7a8bcᱯឋẆᜧḄ/ᡂ0᜜，Fᡂ&ÒÒyḄ³。LᙠAS0I=2860^sñ，§³Ḅẚ¿Ôᨵ04，`5®Ḅẚ¿æ²@`3$§ÒᜐÍ%Ḅ。º¼ᙠ᦮¸§³?å'3U▤Ḅ³ᓄᦔ#3UḄ。+ÿ_，ᑭᵨßᑖ᪆Ëiº!Ḅ®Týè，y+ATU§³ẚ¿7᝱ḄyḄ。3.3de▤gRS+ᱯឋ3.3.1hᓄᦪk+#᝱Ḅmn§ÒᑁḄᓄ´®³ᓄḄT¸¹⌕TUᢣ᪗，ç®MᵨᓄᦪḄᜧᩭm᧜ᓄḄÆå。ᓄᦪḄxcËiM，",'MᵨḄ<ᦪ«ᒹ5&§½、§½+×®ᧇḄ⛳A¬½，U᪵^ëm᧜ᜐᓄḄå。ᦻᵨ,（2-2)'ḄxcË,。ïᓄᦪḄ*，Æ3ùñ。ᵫ,(2-2)y+:，ᙠ½3óḄKò，y+ç?Uñª«º᛻½½ᩭª«ᓄᦪ。º¼gᵨx½ḄᩩẆ§³┵öïᓄᦪḄóᓄ。ß3-10k&§³rx▤┵öḄᙳ×ïᓄᦪḄóᓄw¬。y+vᑮ，ïḼᓄᦪḄ*，§³┵öᕈᜧḄ。，ᙠ§½ᑖ)A5MPa、ᓄú½úᓄᦪß3-10ᓄᦪᙠrx▤W§³┵öḄ´29 7a8bcᱯឋẆ8MPa12MPañ，ᙠᓄᦪA1.02〜1.050òñ&§³┵ö᩽×。Desantes[5<)]ᙠẆݧ³ñ@:&bæ。᦮¸§³┵ö£2ßpd=1.02CN=1.05ᑖAo¸{ᑖ，ᙠCN<1.02ñ，ᓄW§³┵öóᓄåᵨ。ᙠᓄúᑁ，ᓄᓝᑖÔ，§³┵öḄóᓄw¬⌕ᑮᓄḄ´。¼ñ，ᙠ§ᘤᑁᡂḄÆÙ$§Ò§。ᙠº᛻Ƹ½ᵨ，ÆÙᔣᑁẚ，M!®ᑖGÒ*ᩖ，.§³┵öóᜧ。ïḼᓄᦪḄ*，ᓄ⌲¯ùñ，§³┵ö⌲¯ó，ᓄᜫ8W§³┵öḄᙢ。CNᙠ1.02R1.050òñ§³┵ö!᩽×。LᙠCN>1.05ñ，§½W§³┵öḄóᓄåᵨ。ïḼº᛻½Ḅª«，§³┵öóᜧ。3.3.2op9qokrs⊤☢uḄmn§§Ò¡，ᑮ᜜ᩭ᡾ý´，ᙠ⊤☢*}Tx。᡾ýḄ⌕ᩭRᕜÉABḄé¦ᵨ。¼᜜，Lai[45]ᑭᵨX2Ẇ:，ᑁ{Ḅ¤⌲¯᡽ᦣ，@*ᙠ⊤☢}⊤☢ü。Reitz×Bracco[51][52]ḄẆ:，⊤☢üḄ³Tᑖ"y⊤aA：7=r/0elkz+at(3-3),'，noA%᡾ýüû；zAᔣᙶ᪗；kCoᑖ)AýḄüᦪ⚣᳛，TJᵨᦪ⊤3，k=kr+iki,o=Or+/Ḅ，ᐸ'⊤riᑖ)⊤<ᦪḄ{S{；kr=2ᐔ/A,AzËᔣḄüᦪ，AAü!，LkiûḄòóᓄºe。Ôᯠ，³k=0，ûn3*-0.50.5mmïò9zᦋó，³ki<0，nzïIililIililXzLᜧ，⊤☢üýᡂA3rx。m0，³ki>0，ïzL⊦ù，ztYᢝrx。µ᪵，oAü⚣，LoA0.5ûḄñòóᓄºe。³Or>0ñ，nzïñò!，m0¶ᯠ。ᵫ,3-3!，ᙠ3UCᩩ，ḄûR⚣᳛«*:}óᓄ。ß3-10k&§½A5MPa，1.5½A0.1MPañᙠ§³rx▤êß3-10§³⊤☢üßà<ᦪxc᤬ᑮḄßᱏ。ßZḄS2᪗R&⊤☢üḄᨬ«¤9。ᑭᵨMATLABßàᜐᳮåæ，ã)®´EḄ30 7a8bcᱯឋẆC。ᙠ¼wx，§ÒZ[´ECxcA¯O，:§Ò±[Eᔣ[EA，:§Ò±ZEᔣZAÓ。ᢥ᯿§Ò2ËᔣᔣA。ß3-11$ß3-10'ª`9?TvḄ⊤☢üáâ。zCáâªXYYËᔣ（Pm)ß3-11⊤☢üü!ᜐᳮÿ#abß¡，:§³┵öwᔠḄ¦2vCḄ，ᢥ᯿ß3-10Ḅᙶ᪗xc!ᑮß3-11。ß'W⁐S2᪗RZE⊤☢ü¤Ḅ9，5Rß3-10'S2᪗RḄ9TTWª。vß3-10'é,´ü¤0òḄ=>，ᓽ!ᑮü!。ᵫß3-11!ᑮ&⊤☢üḄü!ᢥ᯿YËᔣ1A110nm、160nm、130nm、110nm、140nm180nm，ᵫ¼!ᑮḄᙳü!A138nm。ᵫÀ⊤☢3w3(a)<ὃßà（b)10p¡ßàß（a)<ὃßà（b)10p¡ßàß3-12⊤☢üü!!ß3-13⊤☢üü!⊦ù31 7a8bcᱯឋẆᑣ，º¼ᙠ⊤☢üýûḄºñ*}ᜧḄ，º¼ᦻ'ᨵWᐸᑖ᪆。$ß3-12ᑮß3-15ᙳA§½1MPa，½0.1MPaḄfgÿ#。ᜐᳮß3-12(a)(b)ᑖ)!ᑮß3-14(a)(b)。ß3-12(a)Ë᪾ᑁḄᨵo¸᣸ᑡÄ Ḅü¤，9?10Ḅ:ÎᡂAß3-12(b)'o¸ᜧḄü。ᵫß3-14(a)(b)v!ᑮdTü!$100pm:ÎᡂA210pm，dLü!$120pm:ÎᡂA150pm。¼ñ®⊤☢üü!ᙳᨵᡠ!。᪷",3-4§?å'，3óᓄḄReᦪ、Weᦪ×ÆFM*´ᑮ⊤☢ü⚣᳛×!᳛Ḅóᓄ[53]Oᙠß3-13(a)(b)0òḄñòò◞@A10ps，ZE⊤☢$¸Ḅü¤:ÎᡂA¸ᜧḄü¤。ç?Wß3-15'Ḅüýv!，dTûßᱏ'Ḅü!1A110pm、145pm、120pm70pm。dLûßᱏ'Ḅü!T1A130pm、130pm170pm。ᙠß3-13(a)'☠Ḅ´¸üᵫÀè3T.，¡☢ḄüË&☢Ḅüᔠ`ᡂAT¸ᜧḄü。$ß3-12ß3-13'U᪵y+8040Pm)0ᔣ（X■40----⊤☢----⊤☢-80-040080012001600040080012001600Yᔣ（um)Yᔣ（um)ß（a)⊤☢<ὃßà(b)10ps¡⊤☢ßàß3-14⊤☢üü!!80-80-----IJftIii((5m5m厄厄^X^X170110130ᡝW■80-■80.040080012001600040080012001600Yᔣ（urn)Yᔣ（um)ß（a)⊤☢<ὃßà（b)10^s¡⊤☢ßàß3-15⊤☢üü!⊦ù32 7a8bcᱯឋẆvᑮ，⊤☢üü!ᨵḄᜧᨵḄù，¼ñû«ïḼñòḄ:ÎL!Ḅ。ÒᜧḄû**èḄẚ¿³ᓄ。ß3-16A§½1MPa5MPa⊤☢ü!ÛḄÿ#。½3UñḄü!é`3ᜧ，1MPa½ᙳü!A144^m，5MPaA139^m。᪷Kubitschek[54][55]ḄẆ，§½ᜧü!5ûᜧ，`5ᙠ§Òᜐ~᧕ẚ¿。§½ª«，®ᑁ{Ḅ¤ÆÆ，³⊤☢ápẚ¥¡，¤;A⊤☢üª&%᡾ý[56]。᪷",3-4y+vüýḄ⚣᳛。/=j(3-4)%.fAüý⚣᳛，VAè，AAü!。è᪷T⁚ᙠéUᩩ!ᑮḄ§³±ᙳè，ü!ᓽAéUfgᩩv!ᑮḄᙳü!。½5MPaḄüý⚣᳛A430kHz，1MPaḄ⚣᳛A260kHz。½(MPa)ß3-163U½ᙳü!W3.4]v▤gḄRS+ᱯឋ³AS0IᜧÀ3000ñ，§ᜐÀÿ▤。¼ñ，§ᘤ┐▀Í%()，§³┵öק³᝱ᙳ:}&óᓄ。᝞ß3-2ᡠa，¼▤Ḅ§³┵öïñòóᓄᙢ*，R§ᘤÍpñ§³┵öḄóᓄᨵéæ0ᜐ。，ᵫÀ§ᘤ()?å§ᘤÍp?åᡠᢝÉḄñò⌕!，º¼，®ýóᓄᨵà§33 7a8bcᱯឋẆå%▤ᒓḄ₩。ç᜜，§ᘤÍp▤，®§ḄCᩩ:}&ó，®9┐▀§ᐭᕜÉƸ'*ᡂÒ*ᩖḄý。Lᙠ§ᘤ()?å'，®ḄCᩩy+îæᙢpvᡂîÉḄ，;⌼ᡂ&§³┵öóᓄåḄ[。¼᜜，ᙠ┐▀()?å'，§®ḄýÒ，ᨵ¡ÉḄ®ª^⊡ᐙ。º¼，ïḼ®ḄÒ~᧕ᡂxᡈὅᜧḄ/。ß3-17k&§½A12MPa，º᛻½A0.1MPa，§ÿñḄ§³ßà。y+vᑮ，¼▤U᪵*ᡂxF/。ᵫv£，ᙠ§ÿ▤ᡂḄᜧ/è，A11.7m/s。¼ñ®ẚ¿oᐰÀdTb}ᑖ[1<)]，Rº᛻ƸḄéWTý'å⊤☢½Ḅóᓄ.ᑖ。ᙠAS0I=3620pñ，¸ᜮᡠᢣ/¦;A60pm，ºñqᡠᨵ/¦;!ᑮᙳ/¦;A65^m，x¦;RF/¦;é³。᪷Weber_We)xc：PU2dWe=¹^(3-5)a,'PgAº᛻Ƹ，UAF/Rº᛻ƸéWè，dAF/¦;，oAF/⊤☢½。ß3-17ᙠ½A12MPaº᛻½A0.1MPañ，§³ÿ▤îí§³᝱y+v¸ᜮᡠaF/We=1.4，ÀÆýº³³ᓄḄZC×10-14[57]。E@§ᘤ┐▀ᡭÍ▤┐▀()▤ᱥᳮ?åéæ，é§ᘤÍpñḄ§³ßà，¼▤ᡂ/¦;Òᜧ³ᓄᦔ#Òូ¼。§ᘤÍp▤ᡂḄᜧ/*ᑮḄ«èᡈ/6ᩭḄý^$L½ᓄ&§³Ḅ1ẚ¿×L1ẚ¿。LWᙠ§ÿ▤ᡂḄᜧ/ᩭ_，ᡂÒḄ/ᡈA:34 7a8bcᱯឋẆAÆ᝱éWk«Ḅ。º¼，ᔠᳮõ§ᘤ§ÒḄaZÿ᪀，+ᦋᗐ§ÿñ®Ḅẚ¿ᦔ#。ᙠ§ᘤ┐▀()Ḅ?å'，®çḄS¿☢Ç3ù，«½®9┐▀ᑮ§ÒḄ½3ª«，è3。èḄ®ᨬ.$▀)ᕜÉḄò◣:Ḽ§ÒH§，ᡂↈ+。ᙠAS0I=3550〜3580æñ，ᙠḄ'òᡂ&ÁÖḄ+。ᙠ⊤☢½Ḅᵨ，®3ᔣ'òᦈᡂwḄx。ß'ᙊᙌᑁḄ+{ᑖ，Pឋᜧ，¨©&®⊤☢½Lp3!，óᡂx。yḄxᨬ¡pᡂgḄ/。3.54]ᑭᵨÔÕ·ᜧ«è᤬éÿᔠḄËi，Ẇ&3U§ᩩᓫÒ¦§¬§ᘤ±ᜐḄîí§³ᱯឋ，ÿ᝞：1.ᢥ᯿§³┵öḄóᓄ，y+zîí§³:Î?åᑖA¸▤，ᓽøùú、ᜧûüýú、üý⊦ùúÿú。ᯠᙠ3U§½§³┵öḄᜧ3U，:ÎT.，`5ᜧûüýúᑁ§³┵öḄ₩⚣᳛é³。2.ᙠ§ᘤ┐▀Íp?å'，§ÒᑁḄᓄº»´§³᝱。ïḼ§½Ḅª«，®³ᓄᦔ#3ª«。3.ᙠ«Ḅ§½ᩩ，§³┵öïᓄᦪḄóᓄyᑖAo¸ú0：ᓄú、½ú?ú。CK1.02ñ，ᓄx§³óᓄḄº»，§³┵öïᓄᦪḄ*L。³CH.05ñ，ᑮº᛻Ƹ½Ḅ´，ïᓄᦪḄ*§³┵ö3óᜧ。§³┵öᙠ?úᑁ!᩽×。4.ᙠ§ᘤ┐▀()?å'，§Òᜐ*ᡂ+，ᙠ®Pឋ⊤☢½ḄᵨᡂwḄx，`ᨬ.ẚ¿ᡂᜧḄ/。35 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆw+SᑁTUV@ᜐḄ+ᱯឋẆ14.1+SᑁTUV@xḄ+HIᑖ᪆ß4-1§³íᑁ3U9§³fgOabߧ³íᑁ3U9Ḅ§³fgê᤬9᝞ß4-1ᡠa，§³ê᤬Oᑖ)ᙠ§ᘤ§Ò±Ë10mm、20mm30mmᜐ。᪷ê᤬9Ḅ3U，⌱_&a¸é,Ḅê᤬9。ß'ᵨX⁐Ë᪾᪗R&▭ê᤬Ḅ9。A&ÂÃË，ê᤬9$§³2ᔣ[1RA1、2、3、4。ᵫÀ>§³<®，/ḄᑖG，ᜫ8&Ûbc，º¼ᦻxc¸9Ḅᨬ[EºOA§³。36 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆIOmm001120mmÄ22mmmm0130mm■2mmI2341234(a)½0.1MPa(b)½1MPaß4-2§½A5MPa，3U½Ḅ§³ßàWß4-2A§ᘤ±Ë3U9ᜐ§³Ḅ¹{·ᜧßà。ßàê᤬ñqᙳAAS0I=1500æ，ê᤬⚣᳛A100kfps，.ᐝñò1/2.7Ms，ßàà»A128X376。ßᱏḄ᤮·9Rß4-1'ḄfgòOTTWª，Ëᔣé,´ûß'<=>A0.86mm。ß4-2(a)k&§½A5MPa，½A0.1MPaḄ§³ßà。y+vᑮ，ᙠ§ᘤ§Ò±Ë10mmᜐ，§ᘤ2ËᔣḄ®9?1ẚ¿¡ᡂ&ᨵoᐰẚ¿Ḅ67®，ᑖGḄú0Al'。67®ᙠRÆé¦ᵨḄ?å'óᡂÒyḄx，xᡂA¦;éWᜧḄF/，ᐸ¦;TJRxḄ¦;ᡂ[58]。L§ÒË10mmᜐḄ2ú0Ḅ/¦;Ôù。37 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆASOI60ps70ps80ps90ps100ps110psASOI120ps130ps140ps150ps160ps170psß4-3§½A5MPa，½A1MPañ，§ÒË10mmú01ᑁ§³ßàᙠß4-2(a)'，³§³Týᑮ§Ò±Ë20mmñ，§ᘤ2Ëᔣ67®a²§ᜫ，¦;ᜧḄ®ᯠl'ᙠ§³Ḅ'<ú0。ᜧḄ/$x¡，ᐹᨵ3UḄè，{ᑖᔣ᜜Tý。º¼ᙠ2ú'ᨵᜧ¦;Ḅ®⚩vᙠ，L5ᕈ3ᙳᒴᑖG，R'<ú/ẚ¿?å'ḄTýËᔣᨵᐵ。ᙠ§³Ḅ3ú，a²ᨵᜧ¦;Ḅ/ᙠ，L0ḄyḄ³。Lᑮ§ᘤ§Ò±Ë30mmñ，§³í'3Uú0ᑁa²ᨵîÉḄᜧ/ᙠ，ᜧ/⌕l'ᙠḄ'<ú0。y°，§i▤§³'F᝱®ḄTý*´ᐸÆúF᝱/׳ḄᑖG。ß4-2(b)k&§½A5MPa，½A1MPaḄ§³ßà。=>§Ò±Ë10mmᜐᙠ? Ḅ®r，ᐝizᐸaÖ。ᵫß4-3y+v，▭§³ᙠ¼ú0ᑁ893ZT¸o᦮ḄF᪶，Lẚ¿ᡂAᜧḄ®rᙽ38 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆᡈ67Ḅ®。l3U§³ñq®ẚ¿ᦔ#3U，³³Tñq®ᑖGlñ;⌼ᡂ᦮ᱏḄ▢，iᑮ§³ᑁ{ÿ᪀。R½A0.1MPa§³ßé，«½Ḅ®ᑖGÒ*l'，x7ḄF᝱®4。ᙠß4-2(b)'，³®Týᑮ§ÒË20mmᜐñ，§Ò2ËᔣḄ®ᑖGᯠ?，±«ᑖ67®᝱。R½A0.1MPaḄ§³é，ᯠ«½F᝱®Ò*l'ᙠ'<▬，ᙠ᜜Eᨵᜧ/ᙠ，_ᙠ«½ᩩ，®RᕜÉABᵨ，ᙠ§³᜜Eᡂ&Ḅ/。/ẚ¿Ḅ¦;RᡂḄx¦;®ẚ¿?å'üýḄûᡂ[59]。$☢Ḅÿ£，什Ḅª«，«½ᩩÆF0òé¦ᵨÒÆ，º¼ᡂḄ⊤☢üÒy，ᡠ+$ẚ¿ḄF/¦;Ò。ᙠß4-2(b)'，³®Týᑮ§Ò±Ë30mmᜐñ，y+vö§Ò2ËᔣḄ67。¼ú0ᑁ§³½A0.1MPa2ËᔣḄ§³?Ò«，`5ᙠ«½®3~᧕ᡂ!x。ᙠ67®ᡈ⊤☢ᡂḄ⊤☢üFᨵ}!ᡂAÒ!Ḅxñ，;8ᙠRÆé¦ᵨpᒑ>ᩭ。ᙠ«½，ᙠú02×ú03ᑁ，/¸ᦪÔMv;Ò。$§½A5MPa，3U½ᩩᔜ¸ú0Ḅ§³ᱯឋy+:，ᙠ«½，§³'F᝱®Ç úl'ᙠ'<▬î，67®Tý=>!，yḄ/~᧕:;ᔣᔣ᜜:Î。ß4-4k&§½A15MPa，3U½ᩩ§³íᑁ3U9Ḅ§³·ᜧßà。ᵫß4-3(a)y+vᑮ，ᙠ§ᘤ§Ò±Ë10mmᜐú01，®89ẚ¿ᡂᜧḄ67x。Rß4-2(a)é，§³᦮¸a⁐ã，ºAᙠ«Ḅ§½，ᓫñòᑁᨵÒMḄ®§，`5«è.ᙠᕜÉlḼᜧḄy/。ᵫß4-4(b)y+vᑮ，ᙠ«Ḅ§½，ú01ᑁḄ®Ò*ᯖ，8iãÆCú，ᙠú02ᯠ^ᑮyḄ³。y°，§½ᜧW§³Ḅ᡽ᦣᨵ±ᜧḄ´。ᵫß4-4(a)y+vᑮ，ᙠ§ᘤ§Ò±Ë20mmᜐ，ᙠú01ᜐᙠᜧḄ®。᪷10mmᜐú01Ḅ§³ßày+，20mmᜐ®ᙠú01▬îḄ®89ẚ¿ᡂ lḄ/，lú0T¦Ýᑮú02。ᵫß4-4(b)y+vᑮ，® lú0ᨵᡠ᡽Î，$§Ò±Ë10mmᜐú02Ḅ'<▬î᡽Îᑮ&§Ò±Ë20mmᜐú02Ḅᜧ{ᑖú0，LyᑖḄy/lᙠú03'。ß4-4(a)ú03'ᑖG3ᙳᒴḄ³ᵫÀTý3rx，ᡂT⍝$ßà⚔{ᑮßàZöḄl⁐▢ú0，ᡂ“IJK”§³ÿ᪀[26]。ºA³«è®§¡，ÆF3☢*ᡂᜧḄᑗ，$Lᙠᕜɺ᛻'ᡂÆḄí。0¡§Ḅ®ᑮº᛻ABᑗḄᵨ，z⊤☢39 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆᡂḄḄ⊤☢üᒑ>ᩭóᡂḄF/，`ᙠᕜÉᡂ&ᨵæḄIJÿ᪀'Ḅ“È”[35]。$·ᜧḄöy+öÉvᑮ，ŧ³'l⁐▢ᵫlḄ/8᪀ᡂḄ。(a)½0.1MPa(b)½1MPaß4-4§½A15MPa，3U½Ḅ§³Wᵫß4-4(a)'§Ò±Ë30mmᜐ§³ßy+v，ú023'®ᑖGlúú01ᨵᡠ，U᪵@ᵫÀᚖ¦Ëᔣè®ᜧÀËᔣè。$w¸ᩭÊ，ú04ᜐḄ®ẚ¿7᝱4。R§Ò±Ë20mmᜐḄ§³é，F/ᑖG，®Ḅᙳᒴឋᨵᡠª«。ᙠß4-4(b)'§ÒË30mmᜐḄ§³ßà'@ᨵbæḄw¬。¡ὅᙠú01ᑁḄ®ᑖGÒᜧ。W3U§½§Ò±Ë30mmᜐú04ᑁḄ§³ßy+:，40 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆᙠᜧ½ᨵÒMḄF/ᙠ，y^ᵫÀ®RᕜÉAB^ᣚ?å'^ὑᦣÒg，´&®Ḅ᡽ᦣ^⌼ᡂḄ。Wß4-2ß4-4y+:，ᙠéUḄ§½，§½A15MPañ☠î§ᘤ2ËᔣḄú01ᑁ®ᑖGᜧ，ᵫÀ«Ḅ§½.ÒᜧḄ§᳛，ᙠéUḄñòᑁ§Ḅ®ÒM，'å®ḄᑖGÒᜧ。¼᜜，§½15MPañ/ḄRÒᜧ，¤ÆÆýñ᡾ýÒᜧ[6<)]，®³ᓄᦔ#Ò4，º¼¼ñḄ®v;Ò。¼᜜，ᙠß4-2(a)'a²ivᑮ®F/᪀ᡂḄ“IJ”ÿ᪀，L½*ᑮ1MPaᡈ§½ª«ᑮ15MPañ（ß4-2(b))，ᙠ§ᘤË20mm30mmᜐ«^vᑮbæÿ᪀。_&ª«®RÆ0òḄé¦ᵨ^ëË/ᡂ“IJK”ÿ᪀。4.2<{ẚ}~_Pᑖ᪆AS0I300(j,s310(j,s320(j,sß4-5§½A5MPa，½A0.1MPañ§ᘤÊ30mmᜐ§³᝱ß4-5k&§½A5MPa，½A0.1MPañ§ᘤ±Ë30mmᜐ§³íᑁF/ẚ¿?åḄßà。ß'é,´ûßàḄñòò◞A10æ。ß'S2Ë᪾᪗R&xẚ¿ᡂ/Ḅ?å。ᵫv£，ᙠAS0I300#ñË᪾'Ḅ41 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆx¦;ÑA79ps，(èA89m/s。y+Ôᙢvᑮ，ᙠ20psḄ®Týñòᑁ，Ë᪾'ḄF/ᙠ(?å'9ó，ᨬ¡ẚᡂA3¸ÒḄF/。᪷3-5,v!ᑮ，¼ñÍ=106，8?ZC×10〜14[57]，º¼ᜧF/Ḅẚ¿ᵫR-T(Rayleigh-Taylor)3rx⌼ᡂḄ。ᜧḄ>ᦣF/ᙠº᛻'XóèTýñ，ᵫÀF/Rº᛻Ƹ0òᙠḼᜧḄ ，º¼ᙠᜧF/Î☢*}R-T᡾ýü，}ÒḄF/。L1ẚ¿ḄF/ç?3UḄWeᦪᑜᑖA¸ẚ¿úò[61]:,ᑖ(12<Í<80)、ᑗᡈCáᒑ>,ᑖ（80<Í<350)、óↈ,ᑖ(80<Í<350)+×ó,ᑖ（Í>350)。óↈ,ᑖó,ᑖᨵḼéæḄWeᦪúò，3UḄ/7᝱*:}3UḄᑖ。ᢥ᯿ᑜᑖË,，ß4-5S2Ë᪾'Ḅ/ªÀᑗáᒑ>ᑖᡈóↈᑖ，fg'!ᑮḄᓾbæó,ᑖ'ᵫR-T3rxឋ⌼ᡂḄẚ¿。}Ḅº⌕ß4-5'ḄF/¦;ᜧ5ᕜɺ᛻，R-T3rxᓰ&ẚ¿Ḅᙢ。Òyy+:，ᙠ(Ḅ?å'，/☢Çᙠ3ùḄ，Óᐸo¸e/'☠[Ḅ/。ᡠ+¼ñ:}Ḅẚ¿MNẚ¿Ë,UñᵨḄÿ#。U᪵ᙠ▭§³ḄL1ẚ¿?å'，ẚ¿Ḅ,@*MNẚ¿Ë,ᐳḄᔠẚ¿,。ß4-6k&§½A5MPa，½A1MPañ§ᘤ§Ò±Ë30mmᜐḄ§³ßà。X⁐ḄS2Ë᪾'Ḅ´¸F/ᙠ麟:Î?åé¦tu。S2ASOI2130ps2140ps2150ps2160ps2170psß4-6§½A5MPa，½A1MPañ，§ᘤ§Ò±Ë30mmᜐḄ§³ß42 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆË᪾ËḄF/᪗RAA，ËḄ/᪗RAB。ᵫv£，ᙠAS0I=2130psñ，/A¦;A49^m，èA24m/s，Í=48;/BḄ¦;A33^m，èA14m/s,Í=11。/AR/BUᔣTý，/AḄèÒᜧ，´¸/3☠î，`ᙠAS0I=2150psñtu¡ᔠ`ᙠTå。´/é¦tuᙠF¸ᑁ{}½üý，½ḄüýMF¸⊤☢:}ó，ᡂbæÀüḄý，⊤☢½üḄy。³/ᑁ{Ḅᑖeòᵨ^ëç?Nýz´¸/ᑮTåñ，|óᡂT/ᜧ®，ÈÉẚ¿³ᓄ。ÔüýḄû?ᜧ，Mᜧ/ᑁ{Ḅᑖeòᵨizüýឮᑮ⊝9，ÀᡂḄᜧ/z*ẚ¿ᡂ/。ᙠAS0I=2160psñ，ᙠTñqᡂḄᜧ/p3!，ᨬ.ᙠAS0I=2170psñᜧ/pᡂA´¸/。y+vᑮ，´¸/Ḅ7`3àtu0T᪵wᑣ。Àᑖ>ᩭḄ/U᪵*ᙠF¸ᑁ{ᡂ½ü，ᙠ⊤☢½Ḅᵨnᢝ/Ḅ᝱。᝞#/i¨©Nüý，ᑣ*àᜧ/T᪵ÈÉẚ¿。4.3+Sᑁᑖᱯឋᑖ᪆o?mM（mm)ß4-7§³ú®/SMDóᓄfg':，ᙠUT9，☠<2ᙠᜧlḄ®8，º¼，iv¾/Ḅv;；Lᙠ®>§³<2ú，/Ò，¦;43 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆÒ，ßàᜐᳮk«。º¼，ᦻ᪷§³ßà$§³<3ᔣ᜜ý，zdTÁoᐰᨵᜧr®8Ḅê᤬OxcA§³Ḅú，ᓽß4-1'¸Ëᔣ>§³<ᨬ®Ḅºfú。ß4-7k&3U§½½§³íᑁ3U9§³úᙳᡲ¦;(SMD)óᓄ。y+Ôᙢvᑮ，ᙠéUḄ½ᩩ，§½$5MPaª«ᑮ15MPañ，®ḄSMDÔ。«Ḅ§½ª«®Ḅ¤Æ，*&§§Ò¡Ḅ®᡾ý，º¼ÒᨵᑭÀ®Ḅẚ¿[6()]。Uñ，§½Ḅᜧ*M!ᓄÆ，§ᘤ'}ḄÆÙp§¡ᔣᑁẚ，¦3.®Ḅẚ¿`ᡂÆḄ᡾ý。$ß4-7'3«:，½Ḅ*U᪵.&SMDḄ。TeḄfgJ，½Ḅª«Æ&§³RÆḄé¦ᵨ，M!⊤☢×ᙠF/⊤☢ᡂḄ⊤☢üü!Ò，⚣᳛Ò«，º¼ª«&ẚ¿³ᓄḄB。ᙠéUḄfgᩩ，§ᘤË3U9ḄSMDóᓄ3ᜧ。§³úḄF/è，}~ᦪ，F/ẚ¿3ᒓ。ç᜜，/ᙠL1ẚ¿?å'Ḅᔠ×F/3UḄTý7᝱U᪵*M3U9Ḅ/ḄSMDᑖGÀéU。4.4+Sᑁᱯឋᑖ᪆«è§ᐭÆ'*ᡂ±ᩖḄí，LᕜÉÆḄýT*´§³ḄL1ẚ¿×³ᓄ。ß4-8k&§½A5MPa，½A1MPañ§ÒË30mmᜐú04ᑁḄF/îÉTýßà。ᵫÀûßà'F/M，$'ᢧ&´Áᨵ⊤ឋḄ///8。ᐸ'TÁAS2Ë᪾'ḄT¸/RAAÁ，çTÁS2ᙊ'Ḅo¸F/RABÁ。ᵫv£，ᙠAS0I=2190^sñ，W⁐¸ᜮ᪗R&´Á/$AS0I=2150〜2240ñḄTýËᔣ，AÁ/TýËᔣئᔣ，BÁ/TýËᔣᔣZ。ᐸ'AÁ/ḄTýèA9m/s，F/¦;A23pm;BÁ/ḄTýèA1.4m/s，F/¦;A17pm。´Á/Í<5，F/⊤☢&ÔḄý，ᙠ3:}Àᐸ7/tuḄKòa²3*:}ẚ¿[49]。bæÀA、B´Á/，ᙠ᦮¸§³íᑁḄF/«y+ᢥ᯿TýËᔣᑖA´b。dTb⌕ᑮPឋᵨXئᔣTý，dLb⌕ᑮÆᔁᔾᵨXTý。AÁ/ÀdTb，箦;ᜧḄ/ᐹᨵᜧḄPឋ。BÁ/ÀdLb，TJ/¦;~᧕ᑮᕜÉÆíḄ´ᦋóTýËᔣ。44 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆ2150(as2160(as2170(as2180(as2190(as2200(as221Ofas2220xs2230(as2240(as.0.5.1.50.2.5ß4-8§½A5MPa，½A1MPañ，§ᘤ§ÒË30mmᜐú04'F/Týß஧¡ý§ÒᜐḄÆᔣTý，ᙠ§³Æ9Æ$§³E☢ᔣTýhº⊡ᐙᑮ§Ò▬î，ᔁᔾᐭ§³<[62]。ᵫÀí'Ḅè®ÀḄè，º¼dLb/ḄTýè*ÀdTb/Ḅè。§³í'Ḅ´b/y+é¦6ᣚḄ。dTb/$pᒑ>ᩭ¡，ᑮᕜÉÆyᑗᵨLẚ¿ᡂF/。ᙠF/?å'，ᐸᑮḄPឋ3ù，LᕜÉíTýḄ´3ᜧ，ᨬ.ᡂAdLb/。L45 7i8cᑁklmMᜐḄᱯឋẆdLb/$§³pᔁᔾᑮ§³'<¡，éUòᑁ/ᑖG*，Rᐸ7/tuᔠḄa᳛ᜧ，zᦋó/ᩭḄTý7᝱ᔣTý。ç᜜，³dLb/ᙠpᔁᔾᑮ§³'<¡，¼ᜐḄíئᔣḄ，/ḄTýËᔣU᪵*:}ᦋó。4.54]eẆ&¦§¬ᓫÒ§ᘤᙠ3U§½½§³íᑁ3U9Ḅ§³᝱，ᑖ᪆&§³íᑁ/ḄL1ẚ¿、v;ᑖG×Týᱯឋ，!+ÿ：1.9?1ẚ¿¡，§³2▬î*ᜧ45Ḅ67®8。ïḼ§½Ḅ*，ᙠ§ᘤËéU9ᜐḄ®8*，`5ẚ¿ᡂF/ḄñòÒ!。2.«è⊤☢ᑮᕜÉABᑗḄᵨpᒑ>ᩭ，ᡂ&ᵫF/᪀ᡂḄ®6。ïḼ§½Ḅª«，RÆé¦ᵨÒ*Æ，F/pᒑ>Ḅ⚣᳛åï0*。3.ç?▢ifgy+v!ᑮ§³íᑁSMDḄᑖG，`:ª«§½*§½^ëᨵᦔḄSMD。46 qᐰᦻ]5.1ᐰᦻ]ᦻᑭᵨÔÕ·ᜧ«è᤬éÿᔠḄËi，Ẇ&3U§½§½ᩩ，ᓫÒ¦§¬§ᘤ±×§³íᑁ3U9Ḅ§³᝱ᱯû，`ᑖ᪆&§³1ẚ¿L1ẚ¿?å，!Ḅ⌕ÿ᝞：1.îí§³:Î?åy+ᢥ᯿§³┵öḄóᓄᑖA¸▤，ᓽøùú（AS0I=0〜350ps)、ᜧûüýú（AS0I=350〜2000ps)、üý⊦ùú(AS0I=2000~3000ps)ÿú（AS0I>3000ps)。ᙠ§ᘤ┐▀Íp?å'，§ÒᑁḄᓄº»´§³᝱。ïḼ§½Ḅª«，®³ᓄᦔ#3ª«。§½R§½ḄóᓄWüýúḄüý⚣᳛a²ᨵ´。ᙠ§ᘤ┐▀()?å'，®§*$Òᜐ++,§，`ᙠ®Pឋ⊤☢½Ḅᵨᔣ'òᦈᡂwḄx，`ᨬ.ẚ¿ᡂᜧḄ/。2.ᙠ«Ḅ§½ᩩ，§³┵öïᓄᦪḄóᓄyᑖAo¸ú0：ᓄú、½ú?ú。CN<1.02ñ，ᓄx§³óᓄḄº»，ᓄᦪḄ*M!ᓄᵨùñ，§³┵öó。³CN>1.05ñ，ᑮº᛻Ƹ½Ḅ´，ᓄᦪ*，½ª«*M§³┵ö3óᜧ。§³┵öᙠ?úᑁ!᩽×。3.ç?MATLABåæª&®⊤☢üáâ，v:⊤☢üü!ïḼ§½Ḅª«Ló，üý⚣᳛什Ḅª«L*，$L´&§³%ẚ¿ᦔ#。᪷%ᩩ3UḄ，⊤☢üḄ:Î᝱MNM᪵，Tý?åAᩖ。4.®9?1ẚ¿¡，ᙠ§³2▬î&ᜧ45Ḅ67®8。ïḼ§½Ḅ*，ᙠ§ᘤËéU9ᜐḄ®8*，ᢝÉñòÒ!。5.ïḼ§½Ḅª«，®⊤☢ᑮÆḄᑗpᒑ>ᩭᡂ&ᵫF/᪀ᡂḄ®6。ïḼRÆé¦ᵨÒ*Æ，F/pᒑ>Ḅ⚣᳛åï0*。6.ᙠ§³᜜EÆCú0，▭§³?å'F/ḄL1ẚ¿?å+MNẚ¿Ë,ᐳ。§³íᑁUñᙠḼ☠PឋᔣTýḄF/ᑮÆ47 qᔁᔾᵨSᔣTýḄF/。ᜧF/Ḅẚ¿/Ḅtuᑮ/TýḄᱯឋḄ´。5.2ᦻW§³íᑁ3U9&¹{·ᜧẆ，A&Tmüa§³ẚ¿³ᓄḄHᳮ，$Lᦋᗐ®9¯ឋ`ᑮÒ«Ḅ᣸·᪗B，ᙠÙ¡Ḅ§³Ẇ'y+ÍÎ+：1.WWÀ1ẚ¿Ḅ´º»⌕ᨵoO：ᓄº»、®¤´º»Æýº»。A&^3Uº»ᙠ§³1ẚ¿ñḄᵨ，◤⌕WoNº»ᑖ)ᓫḄẆ。2.ç?ᐸ7ᐝËi（᝞PIV）W§³íᑁ¹{ú0íḄº，xᑖ᪆§³Rí0òḄé¦ᵨ。48 rὃᦻuὃᦻ[1]ÚÛ，g^¬:ÎẆRÜÝ，ᓭßàᢈ©▾á，2012，17(3)：93〜96[2]âÏ᧗，âV，«ᦔöäᵨ¬H®µḄẆÎ，¬ᐰR⁚^á，2010’1(3)：167〜178[3]*□«，ᡃ⁚^Rg^¬:ÎᡊᶍRWø，¬å，2006，28(4)：317〜321[4]ᩰᗩ᪍，ᵨ¬HḄ⁚é׫ᦔ¬HḄyឋ，ᑁ®Há，2008，26：77〜82[5]WemerH，0pticalDiagnosticsforCombustionProcessDevelopmentofDirect-injectionGasolineEngines?ProceedingsoftheCombustionInstitute，2000，28：1119〜1135[6]PreussnerC，DoringC，FehlerSetal.，GDI:InteractionBetweenMixturePreparation，CombustionSystemandInjectorPerformance，SAEPaper980498[7]ZhaoF，LaiMC，HarringtonDL，AutomotiveSpark-ignitionDirectInjectionGasolineEngines，ProgressinEnergyandCombustionScience，1999，25(5):437〜562[8]êë，âÛì，âÏ᧗，àᑁ¦§¬H®µËᑴøᶍ×，ᑁ®Hå，2004，25(3)：4〜7[9]ReitzRD，ModelingAtomizationProcessesinHigh-pressureVaporizingSprays，AtomizationandSprays，1987，3:309〜337[10]DiwakarR，StructureofHighPressureFuelSprays，SAEPaper870598[11]BealeJC，ReitzRD，ModelingSprayAtomizationwiththeKelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-TaylorHybridModel，AtomizationandSprays，1999，9:623〜650[12]HwangSS，LiuZ，ReitzRD，BreakupMechanismsandDragCoefficientsofHigh-speedVaporizingLiquidDrops，AtomizationandSprays，1996，6:535〜376[13]LeeCH，ReitzRD，AnExperimentalStudyoftheEffectofGasDensityontheDistortionandBreakupMechanismofDropsinHighSpeedGasStream，InternationalJournalofMultiphaseFlow，2000，26:229〜244[14]IshikawaN，NiimuraK，AnalysisofDieselSprayStructureUsingMagnifiedPhotographyandPIV，SAEPaper96077049 rὃᦻu[15]Fath,A，FettesC，LeipertzA，InvestigationoftheDieselSprayBreak-upClosetotheNozzleatDifferentInjectionConditions，1998，TheFourthInternationalSymposiumCOMODIA，98：429〜434[16]HanJS，LuPH，XieXB，etal.，InvestigationofDieselSprayPrimaryBreak-upandDevelopmentforDifferentNozzleGeometries，SAEPaper2002-01-2775[17]BaeC，YuJ，KangJ，etal.，EffectofNozzleGeometryontheCommon-railDieselSpray，SAEPaper2002-01-1625[18]EsmailM，KawaharaN，TomitaE，etal.，DirectMicroscopicImageandMeasurementoftheAtomizationProcessofaPortFuelInjector，MeasurementScience&Technology，2010，21(7):075403[19]HattoriH，NarumiyaK，AnalysisofInitialBreakupMechanismofDieselSprayInjectedintoHigh-pressureAmbience，SAEPaper2004-01-0528[20]NishidaK，ZhangW，EffectsofMicro-holeandUltra-highInjectionPressureonMixturePropertiesofD.I.DieselSpray，SAEPaper2007-01-1890[21]PayriR，GarciaA，DomenechV，etal.，AnExperimentalStudyofGasolineEffectsonInjectionRate,MomentumFluxandSprayCharacteristicsUsingaCommonRailDieselInjectionSystem，Fuel，2012，97:390〜399[22]IsabellGB，SorenB，SpicherU，AStudyoftheIn-nozzleFlowCharacteristicofValveCoveredOrificeNozzlesforGasolineDirectInjection，SAEPaper2005-01-3684[23]AleiferisPG，HardalupasY，KolokotronisD，ExperimentalInvestigationoftheInternalFlowFieldofaModelGasolineInjectorUsingMicro-particleImageVelocimetry，SAEPaper2006-01-3374[24]SerrasPJ，RomundeZ，AleiferisPG，etal.，Cavitation,PrimaryBreak-upandFlashBoilingofGasoline,iso-Octaneandn-PentanewithaReal-sizeOpticalDirect-injectionNozzle，Fuel，2010，89(9):2592〜2607[25]AleiferisPG，SerrasPJ，AugoyeA，etal.，EffectofFuelTemperatureonIn-nozzleCavitationandSprayFormationofLiquidHydrocarbonsandAlcoholsFromaReal-sizeOpticalInjectorforDirect-injectionSpark-ignitionEngines，InternationalJournalofHeatandMassTransfer，2010，53:4588〜4606[26]íjᰟ，«ᜧᐝ，ᑢß，«èF¸%▤Ḅẚ¿，ᑁ®Há，1996，14(4)：349〜354[27]ðñ，/ò，ó÷，ᐝè₯ᐝiẆÝHgᭆõ®µ'Ḅ§³Åᔠ?å，®µ·Rᢈ©，2002，8(4)：338〜34150 rὃᦻu[28]öᵪ，ó÷，÷Xø，ªᵨᐝè₯ᐝiẆ«½§³ÆFé?íᑖGᱯឋ，ᑁ®Há，2007，25(2)：97〜104[29]öᵪ，ó÷，÷Xø，ᔠᐝè₯ᐝx᪗xᢈ©×ᐸW§³ᱯឋẆḄªᵨ:§<ᦪº᛻<ᦪW§³ᱯឋḄxᑖ᪆，ᑁ®Há，2010，28(1)：10〜19[30]ó÷，ùÐú，/ûî，ݧ³ÿ᪀ᱯឋḄxẆ，åÜᱥᳮá，2011’32(6)：1047〜1052[31]Úᔣ₫，½↋，â!þ，ÝH l§³ᱯឋẆ，ᑁ®Há，2008，26(6)：513〜518[32]«，Úᳮᐝ，ᔺVì，«½ᜧy¾ᓄíḄ§³fgx~Ö×ᐸËᑴÚÛÍ:，ᑁ®Hå，2009，30(4)：57〜62[33]，q，ᕜ，³ᓄKWݧ³ᜧwḄ´，ᑁ®Há，2010’28(4)：316〜323[34]ᵪ，◖Æ，+᪛，ðÒ¬§³ᱯឋfgẆ，ᑁ®Há，2009，27(5)：401〜407[35]Zᐰ，«ᡂ，⏣b-¬Åᔠ®ᧇḄ§³ᱯឋ，®µ·Rᢈ©，2012，18(4)：301〜308[36]Ú0÷，Zᐰ，÷，¦§¬HMÒ§ᘤ§?åḄᦪ×w，ᑁ®Há，2012，30(3)：241〜247[37]⎎，'，，ÊÀ☢ᐝMieᦣᢈ©Ḅõ⏣§³ᱯឋẆ，ᑁ®Hå，2011，32(2)：63〜67[38]，âV，¥，àᑁ¦§¬H§³、ÅᔠÆᡂ®µ?åḄonᦪ×w，®µ·Rᢈ©，2010，16(2)：97〜103[39]Úü，Úö，â，GDI:ýH§³ᱯឋḄᦪ×wfg，ᑁ®Há，2012，30(1)：9〜15[40]AnandTNC，MadanMA，RavikrishnaRV,SprayCharacterizationofGasoline-ethanolBlendsfromaMulti-holePortFuelInjector,Fuel,2012，102:613〜623[41]ChavesH，SchuhbauerI，CavitationinanAsymmetricTransparentReal-sizeVC0Nozzle，Spray’06WorkshopuberSprays，2006[42]{ô，F¸®ᧇḄឋBתᵨ，ᓅí：'¥ᓄ᱐，2010，23〜24[43]ð，ó÷，Ý«½§ᘂᑁ{Ḅ½üýR3rxᓄᑖ᪆，ᑁ®Há，2010，28(3)：193〜19851 rὃᦻu[44]BaeC，KangJ，DieselSprayDevelopmentofVC0NozzlesforHighPressureDirect-injection，SAEPaper2000-01-1254[45]LaiMC，ZhengY，XieXB，etal.，CharacterizationoftheNear-fieldSprayandInternalFlowofSingle-holeandMulti-holeSacNozzlesUsingPhaseContrastX-rayImagingandCFD，SAEPaper2011-01-0681[46]HeimgartnerC，LeipertzA，InvestigationofthePrimarySprayBreakupClosetotheNozzleofaCommon-railHighPressureDieselInjectionSystem，SAEPaper2000-01-1799[47]0hnesorgeW，DieBildungvonTropfenanDusenunddieAuflosungFlussigerStrahlen，ZeitschriftfurAngewandteMathematicundMechanic，1931，16，（6):355〜358[48]ReitzRD，BraccoFV，MechanismsofAtomizationofaLiquidJet，Phys.Fluids，1982，25：1730〜1742[49]q，ᑁ®Hv®µ，1995，ᜧî：ᜧîᳮᜧ᱐，86〜87[50]DesantesJM，PayriR，SalvadorFJ，etal.，InfluenceofCavitationPhenomenononPrimaryBreak-upandSprayBehavioratStationaryConditions，Fuel，2010，89(10)：3033〜3041[51]ReitzRD，BraccoFV，MechanismofAtomizationofaLiquidJet，PhysicsofFluids，1982，25：1730〜1742[52]WuKJ，ReitzRD，BraccoFV，MeasurementsofDropSizeattheSprayEdgeNeartheNozzleinAtomizingLiquidJets，PhysicsofFluids，1986，29：941〜951[53]íjᰟ，☘，Ï₫，F¸®ᧇẚ¿HᳮẆ'Ḅñò,Rò,，ᑁ®Há，1999，17(3)：205〜210[54]KubitschekJP，WeidmanPD，HelicalInstabilityofaRotatingViscousLiquidJet，PhysicsofFluids，2007，19:114108[55]KubitschekJP，WeidmanPD，HelicalInstabilityofaRotatingLiquidJet，PhysicsofFluids，2008，20:091104[56]MayerW，LaurienE，KhalifaE，etal.，0ntheSurfaceDeformationofaLiquidJetEjectedfromSemi-turbulentPipeFlow，ICLASS-Europe，2003[57]MalotH，DumouchelC，ExperimentalInvestigationoftheDrop-sizeDistributionofSpraysProducedbyaLow-velocityNewtonianCylindricalLiquidJet，AtomizationandSprays，2001，11(3)：227〜54[58]BrusianiF，BianchiGM，TiberiA，PrimaryBreakupModelforTurbulentLiquidJetBasedonLigamentEvolution，SAEPaper2012-01-046052 rὃᦻu[59]LinSP，KangDJ，AtomizationofaLiquidJet，PhysicsofFluids，1987，30(7)：2000〜2006[60]SallamKA，DaiZ，FaethGM，LiquidBreakupattheSurfaceofTurbulentRoundLiquidJetsinStillGases，InternationalJournalofMultiphaseFlow，2002，28：427〜449[61]LeeCH，ReitzRD，AnExperimentalStudyoftheEffectofGasDensityontheDistortionandBreakupMechanismofDropsinHighSpeedGasStream，InternationalJournalofMultiphaseFlow，2000，26:229〜244[62]AraneoL，CogheA，BrunelloPG，etal.，ExperimentalInvestigationofGasDensityEffectsonDieselSprayPenetrationandEntrainment?SAEPaper1999-01-052553 v⊤:ᦻxryẆz{|}⊤ᦻ~Ẇ⊤Ḅᦻ：[I]Zᐰ，½，“¦§¬§ᘤ§±îíᜐ§³ᱯឋẆ”，《ᑁ®Há》，[ᙠᢗ]ḄẆ⚗：[1]«ᢈ©Ẇ:Îᑜ“863”#³⚗W¦§¬H（GDI)ẆÍ:（2006AA110107)[2]!%¬&'ᨵ▲"#“'9§ᘤ§³ᱯឋẆ”54 ././ᙠZᐰ¿ᦟᣴḄ៉<ᢣ，ᡃoᡂ&ᦻḄ。Zᐰὁ*£+、ã,-，³ᡃ⍗ᑮ·Ẇ'Ḅ ⚪k/Zὁw^ªöᨎḄ0Ù£+ḄËi。´jÁḄ}~1'ὡ3W，ᡃḄ11PẆ᝱«:}&ᜧḄᦋó。/Zὁᙠᡃắ5}6kdᡃḄᢣR²³。/7⚪ÁḄᐘ9:;|ᙠ©}~Ë☢WᡃḄᐵ<²³。«ᡂ-5Ḅ·Ẇ:?-5@Aắ5ᙠ·Ẇ'WᡃḄᐵ<，/½ắ5、⊱ᩲắ5DEắ5Wᡃ1'WᡃḄ²³，/FVᡂắ5、GH☘ắ5ᔺEIắ5ᙠ、}~'WᡃḄJKRLᢝ。ᐘ9|MN&ᡃḄắ5}~，FOᡃᦈBᑮ&£ãÒPQḄRS。ᨬ¡，/ᡃḄ᱄UWᡃḄVWRJK，Mᡃ$ᜫ8á；/᝕YRZᴉWᡃḄLᢝ，Mᡃ$·]ᳮI。7|Ḅᐵ