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.本科生毕业论文（设计）册作者姓名：游欢指导教师：宋润娟所在学部：外语学部专业：英语专业班级（届）：2015届11班二〇一五年五月十日.. .学位论文原创性声明本人所提交的学位论文《目的论视角下的中英电影字幕翻译—以<私人订制>为例》，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的原创性成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包括任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。本声明的法律后果由本人承担。论文作者（签名）：指导教师确认（签名）：年月日年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解河北师范大学汇华学院有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交学位论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权河北师范大学汇华学院可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。（保密的学位论文在年解密后适用本授权书）论文作者（签名）：指导教师（签名）：年月日年月日.. .本科生毕业论文设计目的论视角下的中英电影字幕翻译----以《私人订制》为例学 部：外语学部专 业：英语班 级：2011级11班学 生：游欢指导教师：宋润娟论文编号：2015230401473.. .C-EFilmSubtitleTranslationfromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheory.----ACaseStudyofPersonalTailorByYouHuanSupervisor:SongRunjuanAThesisSubmittedtotheForeignLanguagesInstituteinPartialFulfillmentofRequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsatHuihuaCollegeofHebeiNormalUniversityMay10,2015.. .摘要字幕翻译作为文学翻译的一部分，仍然是一个新的翻译领域。然而，作为重要交际工具，字幕翻译已占据重要地位。在经济全球化趋势逐渐增强的今天，中国电影不仅期望在全球电影市场占有更多份额，同时也承担着对外宣传中国文化的重要使命。为了使外国观众能够观赏中国电影并从中了解中国文化，除了电影配音外，电影字幕成为最重要的沟通手段。如果没有优秀的字幕翻译，影视作品中所要展示传达的精神理念则无法传递给观众，或者传递的信息支离破碎。可见，字幕翻译在沟通不同文化、增强各国人民之间联系方面起着非常关键性的作用。然而，国内目前的字幕翻译存在着良莠不齐的问题，也没有受到足够的重视.本文在目的论视角下研究字幕翻译,目的论认为，翻译是一种有目的的行为，字幕翻译也不例外，它的主要目的是在时间和空间的制约下，向处在特定文化背景的观众最有效地传达电影的相关信息，使其能更好地理解和欣赏电影作品。本文以《私人定制》这部电影为例，讨论了发生在影片当中的翻译行为策略。本文认为，意译翻译策略对中英电影字幕翻译的影响较大。从跨文化交流的角度来看，由于中外观众知识面和文化背景方面存在着巨大差异，电影翻译工作者应该尽可能帮助观众去理解与一个民族文化有着密切相关的语言现象，包括特色的文化词汇，和习惯与常用的口头语表达等，如果把这些词汇都直译出来，不仅会使译文显得繁复冗长，还会增加国外观众的阅读和理解难度。因此，经过本文研究，意译法是在中英电影字幕翻译中较为普遍与广泛应用的一种翻译策略。关键词：字幕翻译目的论翻译策略意译法私人定制.. .AbstractMoviesubtitlingtranslationisanewfieldoftranslation.Asanimportanttoolformoderncommunication,subtitlingtranslationhasbecomequiteanimportantphenomenoninthecontemporaryworld.Asglobalizationspeedsup,Chinesefilmsareexpectednotonlytotakemoremarketsharesinworldscreen-land,butalsotoshoulderthegreatresponsibilityofintroducingasplendidChineseculture.TomakeEnglish-speakingaudiencewatchChinesemoviesandunderstandit,besidesmoviedubbing,subtitletranslationisanimportantcommunicativemethod.Withoutgoodsubtitletranslation,themessagemoviesendsisdifficultforaudiencetounderstand,so,subtitletranslationplaysaveryimportantroleincommunicationbetweendifferentcountries,however,peoplepaylittleattentiontothisfield.ThispaperistheresearchofsubtitletranslationfromtheperspectiveofSkoposTheories.Thepurposeoffilmsubtitletranslationistoprovide,withintheconstraintsoftimeandspace,awell-translatedsubtitlewhichcancontributetoagoodunderstandingofwhatishappeningonthescreen.ThispapertakesPersonalTailorasacase,talkingaboutthetransitionalversionandstrategy.Basedonthisthesis,theliteraltranslationisveryusefulintheC-Efilmsubtitletranslation.Fromtheperspectiveofcross-culturecommunication,differentaudiencecomesfromdifferentcountries;theyshouldhavegreatdifferentviewintheaspectofcultureandbackground.Thesubtitletranslatorsneedtohelpthetargetaudiencetounderstandlinguisticphenomenonaboutacountryoritspeople,includingthedistinctiveculturalwordsandtheexpressionofspokenwords.Ifwetranslatethesewordsdirectly,itmaymaketheversiontoolongandtoodifficulttounderstand.Namely,thetargetaudiencewillhavedifficultyinreadingandcomprehendingthesubtitle.Therefore,undertheresearchofthispaper,thefreetranslationstrategyisthemorecommonandwidelyusedinC-Efilmtranslation.Keywords:subtitletranslationSkoposTheoriesfreetranslationPersonalTailor.. .ContentsAbstract(inChinese)iAbstract(inEnglish)………………………………………………………………………….ⅱChapterIIntroduction11.1FilmSubtitleTranslation11.1.1DefinitionofSubtitle11.1.2FeaturesofSubtitleTranslation11.2ResearchSignificance21.3OrganizationoftheThesis3ChapterIItheAnalysisofSubtitleTranslationundertheGuidanceofSkoposTheory42.1ConceptsofSkoposTheory42.2ThreeRulesofSkoposTheory52.2.1SkoposRule52.2.2CoherenceRule62.2.3FidelityRule72.2.4Summary82.3ApplicationofSkoposTheorytoSubtitleTranslation8ChapterIIIStudyonStrategiesfromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheoryBasedonPersonalTailor103.1ABriefIntroductiononSubtitleTranslationofPersonalTailor103.1.1TheIntroductionofPersonalTailor103.1.2ABriefIntroductiononSubtitleSkoposofPersonalTailor10ChapterIVMethodsinSubtitleTranslationofthePersonalTailor134.1Omission134.2LiteralTranslation154.4Rewriting164.5Reduction17ChapterVConclusion195.1Overviewofmystudy19.. .5.2Significationofmystudy195.3Limitationofmystudy195.4Suggestionsoffuturestudy20Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………..21.. .ChapterIIntroduction1.1FilmSubtitleTranslation1.1.1DefinitionofSubtitleSubtitle,accordingtotheOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary,referstothewordsthattranslatingwhatissaidinthefilmintoanotherdifferentlanguageandappearsatthebottomofthescreen.Also,subtitleisusedontelevisiontohelpdeafpeople.Subtitlestomostpeople,arethewordsprintedorsuperimposedonascreeninaforeignlanguagetotelltheaudience.Whatisbeingsaidonthesoundtrack.(Ashen1994:4398).Jacobsonthinkssubtitleisanexplanatoryofverbalsymbolsbyotherlanguages.Thoughdifferentviewsalsohavesomethingincommonandtheirspecialaspects.(Jacobson1959：233）Generally,subtitlecanbedividedintotwoclasses:Intro-lingualsubtitleandinter-lingualsubtitle.Intro-lingualsubtitlemeansthatthesubtitlesarepresentedtohelpaudienceswhoaredeaforhavedifficultiesinhearinginthevoices.SuchastheSouthernFijianDialectwastranslatedintomandarinChinesethroughsubtitle.Inter-lingualsubtitlesaretranslatedsubtitlefromotherlanguage.Forexample,aChinesefilmpopularinwesterncountrieswasaddedEnglishsubtitlesatthebottomofscreentohelpforeignaudiencestounderstandthedialoguesinit.Thisthesismainlyfocusesoninter-lingualsubtitles.1.1.2FeaturesofSubtitleTranslationSubtitleispartofliterarytranslation,differentfromtheothertextualtranslation.Itcanbedefinedasthefollowingpoints:(a)Instantaneity.Theinstantaneityofsubtitlereferstothatthesubtitleanddialoguewillbepresentedatthesametime.Theywilldisappearsoonwhichgivestheaudiencelittletimethink.(b)Popularity.Theaudiencehasdifferentbackgroundandtheirlevelofeducationalsodifferent.Thelanguageofsubtitleshouldconsiderallkindsoftheaudience.Therefore,thesubtitletranslatorshouldusetheconciselanguagetomake.. .themassaudienceunderstandthefilm.(a)Synchronism.Subtitlemustgohandinhandwithpicturesandsound.Thesubtitlemustbematchingwiththepictureinthetranslatingprocess.Thiswillinvolvethetransformationofthespokenlanguageandwrittenlanguagewhichconsistsofdeletionoradditionofthesourcelanguage.Soitinevitablywillbetheconditionofthemissinginformation.(b)Withoutannotation.Intheprocessofliteraltranslation,thetranslatorcanaddtheircommentsifthereadershavequestions.Butsubtitlesduetorestrictedtimeandspace,thetranslatorcannotaddcomments.Becauseofthis,thereisnoguaranteethatsubtitlesandimagesandsoundsynchronization,whichwillaffectaudience’sunderstandingofthefilmbydistractingtheirattentions.1.2ResearchSignificanceThisthesisfocusesontheChinese-EnglishtranslationoffilmsubtitlefromtheperspectiveofSkoposTheories.Translationscholarshavefavoredtraditionalsubjects，suchassongsandpoetrytranslationintheliteraryfield.TheChinesesubtitletranslationisfallingbehindothercountriesonthepracticaloperation,theoreticalconstructionandqualitycontrolling.Somereadersthinktheliterarytranslationisthefoundation,andothertranslationischurningoutinferiorproductsorlessimportant.（Newmark，2001：5-6）Andfewofthemthinkthatthesubtitletranslationsneedtheoreticalguidance.Intheiropinion,subtitleisakindofskillratherthananart.InviewofneglectionofsubtitletranslationinChina,Domesticfilmsubtitletranslationalwayshasalongwaytogo.Firstly,Chinesefilmhasitsownuniqueculturalconnotations,inreflectingChina’ssplendidculture.Filmisasanimportantwayofculturaloutput.ThestudyofsubtitlecanpromoteculturalexchangebetweenChinaandotherwesterncountries.Thesubtitletranslationisabasis.Therefore,thestudyofsubtitletranslationcanexploretheskillsofsubtitletranslation,improvethequalityofthetranslationalworks,helpingtheaudienceunderstandthefilmeasilyandstrengtheningthecommunicationofculture.Secondly,thestudyofsubtitletranslationintheareaofC-EtranslationexpeditesthedevelopmentofChinesefilmintheexternalmarket.Tomakethe.. .worldreallyknowaboutChina,needsmorepromotionofChinesenativefilmsResearchontheC-EtranslationofChinesefilmhasgreatsignificanceofspreadingChinesecultureaswellasthepromotionofChinesefilms.1.3OrganizationoftheThesisTherearefourchaptersinthisthesis.Chapteroneisintroductionwhichconsistsofageneraldescriptionofthesubtitletranslation,consistingofitsdefinition,types,andfeatures.Thesignificanceofthepaperandorganizationalstructureofthethesisarealsoincluded.ThesecondchapterisaboutthegeneraldescriptionofSkoposTheory,includingitsconceptsandthreerulesinpracticaltranslationwithsomeexampleschoseninthismoviePersonalTailor,inordertoanalyzeandunderstandtherules.Andfinallyistheapplicationofitinthesubtitletranslationistalkedabout.Chapterthreeisthekeyofthisthesis,itmainlytalksaboutstrategiesofsubtitletranslationfromtheperspectiveofskoposbasedonthefilm—PersonalTailor.Someauthenticexamplesaretakenfromthefilmtobeanalyzedandcategorized.Thestrategiesareomission,literaltranslation,freetranslation,rewriting,andreduction.Chapterfouristheconclusionpart,whichconcludestheintroductionofmajorfindingsandthelimitationsandthefurtherstudyoftheresearch... .ChapterIItheAnalysisofSubtitleTranslationundertheGuidanceofSkoposTheory2.1ConceptsofSkoposTheorySkoposTheoryisanapproachtotranslationproposedinthelate1970sandearly1980sbyReiss＆Vermeer.SkoposTheorystressestheinteractional,pragmaticaspectsoftranslation.SkoposTheorieshavealreadybeenbornformorethan30years,whichhadbeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguagesandspreadallovertheworld.Inthelateof1980s,SkoposTheoriesenteredintoChinaandhadgreataffectiononChina’stranslationstudies.KatharinaReiss,whowasVermeer’steacher,firstlyproposedSkoposTheoriesinherbookPossibilitiesandLimitsofTranslationCriticism.Shefirstlyintroducesthefunctionalcategoryintotranslationcriticism,shemadethelanguagefunctionsandtexturetypesandtranslationalcategoryassociate.KatharinaReissdevelopedatranslationcriticizedmodelbasedonrelationshipbetweenoriginalandtranslationalfunction.Consequently,sheproposedtheprototypeoffunctionalistapproach.Reissthoughtthattranslationalwaysweredecidedbythemainfunctionsoftheoriginaltexts.Therefore,thesuggestionsKatharinaReissgaveisthattranslatorshouldusethecertaintranslationalwaysaccordingtothetexttype.Beforethis,translationalcirclegenerallythinktheequivalentsastheprimarystandards.Reissconsideredtheintegralcommunicativeperformance,i.e.conceptualcontent,linguisticform,andcommunicativefunctionshouldbeequaltothesourcetext.Andthemostimportantisthefunctionalcharacteristicsshouldbefirstlyconsideredinthepracticaltranslation.HansJ.Vermeer(1983),Reiss’student,hasgonefurther.Hebreaksthelimitsofequivalence-basedtheoryandconsiderstranslation(includinginterpreting)tobeatypeoftransferwherecommunicativeverbalandnon-verbalsignsaretransferredfromonelanguageintoanother(othertypeswouldincludethetransferfrompicturestomusic,orfromablueprinttoabuilding).Basedontheprinciplesofactionabletheory,inthe1970s,Vermeertriedtobridgethegapbetweenthetranslationtheoryandpractice.HisproposedSkoposTheorygettingoutofdominationofsource-text-orientedinthestudyoftranslation.Thistheorydefinestranslationasanactionwhichmustbeaccomplishedwithpurposeand.. .consequencebasedonsourcetext,andthisactionshouldbefinishedbyconsensus.Thatistosaythetranslationalactionmayinvolveactionslikeaconsultantgivinginformation.Sinceanyactionhasanaim,orapurpose,translationasatypeofhumanactionisnoexception.ThenVermeerusesskoposasthetechnicaltermfortheaimorpurposeofatranslationVermeer(1983b:49)defineshumanactionasintentional,purposefulbehaviorthattakesplaceinagivensituation;itispartofthesituationatthesametimeasitmodifiesthesituation.Further,sincesituationsareembeddedincultures,anyevaluationofaparticularsituation,ofitsverbalizedandnon-verbalizedelements,dependsonthestatusithasinaparticularculturesystem.ManttariwentonwiththefurtherresearchofSkoposTheories.(Holz-Manttari.1993,301-320)Thistheoryisalsobasedontheprinciplesofactiontheory,butManttaripreferstonametranslator“messagetransmitters”(Holz-Manttari.1993,301-320),whichconsistoftextualmaterialcombinedwithothermediasuchaspictures,soundsandbodymovements.Inhermodel,translationisdefinedas“acomplexactiondesignedtoachieveaparticularpurpose”.Thegenerictermforthephenomenonis“translationalaction”.Thepurposeoftranslationalactionistotransfermessagesacrosscultureandlanguagebarriersbymeansofmessagetransmittersproducedbyexperts(Nord.2001:13).Sheplacesspecialemphasisontheactionaspectsofthetranslationprocess,analyzingtheroleoftheparticipants(initiator,translator,user,messagereceiver)andthesituationalconditions(time,place,medium)inwhichtheiractivitiestakeplace.Intheearly1990s,Reiss’sstudentChristianeNordhadsummarizedthefunctionalisttheorycomprehensively.ChristianeNordhadformulatedtheinternalandexternalfactorsoftextanalysisintranslationforthefirsttime.ChristianeNordalsohaddevelopedappropriatetranslationpurposeandstrategywhichisbasedonprototextfunction.InherworkTranslatingasaPurposefulActivity,ChristianeNordpointsouttwointerdependentlimitationstotheSkoposmodel.NordraisestheLoyaltyprincipleofSkoposTheories:theresponsibilitytranslatorshavetowardtheirpartners(initiators,targetreceiversandoriginalauthors)intranslationalinteraction.Loyaltymeansthatthetarget-textpurposeshouldbecompatiblewiththeoriginalauthor’sintentions(Nord,2001:32).2.2ThreeRulesofSkoposTheory.. .2.2.1SkoposRuleSkoposisaGreekwordfor"aim"or"purpose"."Thetop-rankingruleforanytranslationisthustheskoposrule,whichmeansthatatranslationactionisdeterminedbyitsskopos;thatis,‘theendjustifiesthemeans,byReissandVermeer.Vermeeralsostressesonmanyoccasionsthattheskoposruleisageneralrule,andtranslationstrategiesandmethodsaredeterminedbythepurposeandtheintendedfunctionofthetargettext.Vermeerregardedtheskoposruleastheprimaryone,thatistosayatranslationactionasdeterminedbyitsskopos.Vermeer(1986:20)explainstheskoposruleinthefollowingway:Eachtextisproducedforagivenpurposeandshouldservethispurpose.Theskoposrulethusreadsasfollows:translate/interpret/speak/writeinawaythatenablesyourtext/translationtofunctioninthesituationinwhichitisuseandwiththepeoplewhowanttouseitandpreciselyinthewaytheywantittofunction.TheuseofprincipleofSkoposruleintranslationshouldbeinthetargetlanguagecontextandculture,accordingtothetargetlanguagerecipientsexpectedfunctiontypes.Thepurposeoftranslationactiondecidedtheprocessofthetranslationaction,namelytheresultdeterminatemethod.Thatistosay,aslongastoachievetheintendedpurpose,thetranslationisnotnecessarilyequaltothesourcetext.Theframeworkoftranslationstrategyisdecidedbymanyfactorsbothwithinandoutsidethetext.Oneofthemisaddressdesign,whichreflectsthewaythatthetargettextwasexpectedtobeaccepted.Differenttranslationstrategiesservethedifferentpurpose.Translationproper,paraphraseandre-editingcanconcernthedifferentdemandofcommunication.（Hatim，1997：34）Inaword,thewholeprocessoftranslation,includingthetranslationmethodsandtranslationstrategies,isdecidedbypurposeoftranslation.SkoposTheorysummarizedthethreekindsofpurposesthetranslationactionachieved,namelythepurposeoftranslator,communicativepurposeofthetranslationaltext,andthepurposeusedsomeparticularmethodsachieved.Andthemostimportisthepurposeoftheversion,andthecommunicativeobjectiveisdecidedbythetranslationactionsponsors.2.2.2CoherenceRuleCoherencerulemeansthatthetargettextshouldmeetthestandardofintra-textualcoherence.ItisthesecondessentialruleofSkoposTheories,stressingthatatranslationshouldbeacceptabletothereceivers.Thecoherencerulestatesthatthetargettextmustbe.. .interpretableascoherentwiththetargettextreceivers.Inotherwords,thetargettextmustbetranslatedinsuchawaythatitiscoherentforthetargettextreceivers,giventheircircumstancesandknowledge.Intermsofcoherencerule,thesourcetextisnolongerofmostauthoritybutonlypartofthetranslationbelief.Itisonlyanofferofinformationforthetranslator,whointurnpicksoutwhatheconsiderstobemeaningfultothereceivers.AccordingtoVermeer,thesourcetextisanofferofinformationthatispartlyorwhollyturnedintoanofferofinformationforthetargetaudience.However,thetargettextisexpectedtobearsomerelationshipwiththecorrespondingsourcetext.Inter-textualcoherencereferstothecoherencebetweenthetargettextandsourcetext.Namelythetranslationmustbecloselyrelatedtotheoriginalmeaning.Inter-textualcoherencedependsonhowthetranslatorsunderstandingtheoriginaltextaswellastheskoposoftargettext.TheexistenceofInter—textualcoherencedependsontheconsistencyoffollowingpoints:(a)theoriginalmessageofthesourcetextwhichtheauthorwantstoconvey,(b)howthetranslatorinterprettheinformation,(c)howthetranslatortranslateforthetargetreceivers.2.2.3FidelityRuleFidelityprinciplewaspresentedbyNord.ShefoundtheskoposTheorieshavetwodefects:firstly,duetothedifferencesinculturalpattern,peopleofdifferentculturalbackgroundshavedifferentopinionsongoodtranslation.What’smore,ifthecommunicativepurposeofthetranslationaltextisoppositetotheoriginaltext’sauthor,weshouldfollowtheskoposruleinsteadofthefaithfulness.Therefore,Nordhadputforwardthisfidelityruletosolvetheproblemofculturedifferencesandtherelationshipamongtheseparticipantsinthetranslationaction.InNord’sopinion,thetranslatorshavemoralresponsibilityforthetargetreceivers;theyneedtoexplainhowtheydoandwhytheydothis.Aboveallisoneofthepartfidelityrules.Andanotherpartisthatthefidelityruleaskingthetranslatorstobeloyaltotheoriginalauthors.Thetranslatorsshouldrespecttheoriginalauthorssothattheycouldcoordinatethetargetlanguageandtheauthor’sintention.(Nord：1997).Hence,thefidelityrulesfocusontherelationshipbetweenthetranslatorsandauthors,clients,TTreceivers.Nordpresentsthatthetranslatorsshouldfollowtheguidingprinciplesof“functionplusloyalty”.Translationisaprecedingofferofinformation.Itisexpectedtobearsomerelationshipwiththecorrespondingsourcetext.Vermeercallsthisrelationship.. ."intersexualcoherence"or"fidelity".Thisispostulatedasafurtherprinciple,referredtoasthe"fidelityrule"byReissandVermeerin1984.Thefidelityrulemerelystatesthattheremustbecoherencebetweenthetranslatedversionandthesourcetext.2.2.4SummaryThissectionhasreviewedtheconceptsofandintroducedthethreebasicrules.Inbrief,thebasicprinciplesoftranslationSkoposTheoriesareconstitutebythesethreerules.ButthefirstprincipleistheSkoposTheory,thecoherenceruleandthefidelityrulemustbeobeyedinpurpose.Inotherwords,boththefidelityruleandcoherencerulearesubordinatetoskoposrule.HansJ.Vermeerhastriestobridgethegapbetweentheoryandpractice.Hestatesthatlinguisticscannotsolvealltranslationproblems.Vermeerholdsthattranslationisaformoftranslationalactionbasedonasourcetext,whichinvolvesverbalandnon-verbalelements.Therefore,thetheoryiscalledSkoposTheories,atheoryofpurposefulaction.Asforthetranslationstandard,theSkoposTheoryusesadequacyandequivalenceasthestandard.ThethreerulesofSkoposTheoriesareverycrucialinthistheory,whichcanbeusedtoexplainandanalyzetheconnectionsbetweensourcetextandtargettext.ItcanbeconcludedthatitisfeasibletoapplySkoposTheoriestothestudyofsubtitletranslation.Itcanbelearnedfromtheaboveanalysis;thefidelityruleandthecoherencerulearenotuniversallyapplicable.WeshouldbeguidedbytheSkoposTheoryandfidelityruleintheprocessoftranslation,appropriationisthebestcriteria.2.3ApplicationofSkoposTheorytoSubtitleTranslationTranslationisanimportantcommunicatingskillbetweendifferentlanguages.Inmodernsociety,audiovisualproductsdistributestoaworldwideareaasapopularmeansofmassmedia.Astheglobalizationofeconomyandcultureisincreasinglydevelopinginthenewcentury,theaudiovisualsubtitletranslation,accordingly,isplayingamoreandmoreimportantrole.Goodsubtitlescanenhancetheaudience’sexperienceofappreciatingforeignfilmsandmaketheculturecommunicationmoreeffective.Subtitling,asaspecializedareaoftranslation,isnotonlyguidedbytranslationstudies,butalsounderconstraintsoffilmproperties.InSkoposTheory,translationisregardedasadynamiccommunicationwithinterplayofsourcetext,translator,addressee,etc.Thetranslatorisexpectedtotakethe.. .translationpurpose(skopos)asguidance,tochoosetheappropriatemethodswithconsiderationofallrelevantfactors.Therefore,duringtheprocessofsubtitletranslation,thesubtitletranslatorsshouldtakeallthefactorsintoconsiderationtoidentifythetranslationpurpose,andthenadoptcorrespondingtranslationstrategies.Fromthisperspective,theauthortakestheSkoposTheoryasinstructionandappliesthereductionandadditionmethodtoanalyzethefilmsubtitletranslation.IntheapplicationofSkoposTheorytotheprocessofsubtitletranslation,itfirstneedstodeterminetheobjectiveofthefilmtranslation.Accordingtothetranslationpurpose,translationstrategyandmethodscanbedecidedthen.Inparticular,thepracticalsubtitletranslationshouldbeconductedinaccordancewithfollowingsteps：firstofall,beingfamiliarwiththetypeofthefilmandthecontentofthisfilm.Beforethetranslation,thetranslatorshouldwatchthisfilmandmusthaveacomprehensiveanddeepunderstandingofthefilm.Onlyafterknowingaboutthemoviecharacters,theme,andthelanguageandimagescharacteristics,onecanknowwhichinformationshouldbeconveyedtotheaudiencebysubtitling.Ifthetranslatortopreemptthemarketopportunitieswithoutwatchingthefilm,itishardtoavoidbadqualityoffilmsubtitletranslation.Secondly,knowingaboutthedirectorandtheaudience.Translatorsalsoshouldknowaboutthedirector’sstyleandintention.Atthesametime,thetranslatorshouldalsoanalyzethecharacteristicsandexpectationofthetargetaudience,inordertoachievefilmtranslationpurpose.Then,onthebasisofunderstandingtheallthefactorsofthefilm,itisnecessarytomakesurewhatisthetranslationintention.Accordingtotheintention,setoutthetranslationstrategy,methods,andskills.Finallyaccordingtotheactualsituationofthefilm,asubtitletranslationshouldhavemodificationsandadjusting.Themainpurposeofsubtitletranslationistoconveyinformationtothetargetreceiversundertherestrictionoftimeandspace,inordertomakethembetterunderstandandappreciatethefilm.Therefore,thesubtitletranslationshouldbeaccordingwiththeobjectiveprinciple,thepurposeofthecoherenceruleandloyaltyprincipleasaguide,agoodgraspoflimitsoftimeandspace,withthemostsimpleandcoherenttranslationtotransmitthesourcelanguageculturetothetargetlanguageaudience,sotheaudiencecanappreciateforeignfilmswithoutanyobstacles,toachievethepurposeofcross-culturecommunication... .ChapterIIIStudyonStrategiesfromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheoryBasedonPersonalTailor3.1ABriefIntroductiononSubtitleTranslationofPersonalTailor3.1.1TheIntroductionofPersonalTailorPersonalTailorisacomedy,producedby“HuayiBrother”whatdoyoudonotdareimagine,wedaretodo.”-----ThesloganofPersonalTailor,FengXiaogang’slatestcomedyproject,not onlyintroducesthefilm’sbasicideaof“livingadream”,italsoexpressesthedirector’sambition.Inthatcontext,PersonalTailortakesmebacktoanearlierFeng.Theingeniouspremiseinvolvesasmall groupoffourpeople—YangZhong(GeYou),the“directorofdreams”and his resourcefulemployeesMissBai(BaiBaihe),the“fantastician”whodesignsdreamscenarios,LuXiaolu(LiXiaolu),the“catererofwhims”;andMaQing(ZhengKai),the“spiritualanesthetist”.Foralltheirelaboratetitles,however,they’reessentiallymembersofahigh-concept company,whichprovidesregular—wealthy—clientswithatasteofthelivestheyhavealwayswanted.Inaseriesofseparatesegments,theteamcomestotheaidofachauffeur(FanWei)whoyearnsforatasteofpower,a“vulgar”filmdirector(LiChengru)whowantstobecomeahigh-cultureartist,andamiddle-classwoman(SongDandan)whodreamsofbecomingabillionaire.Eitherasatherapeuticexperienceorsomethingofamoraltest,thereareelementsofsatireandfarceineachsegment.MuchofthatisthankstonovelistWangShuo,whowrotethescreenplay.Thelast15minutesofthefilmtakea180-degreeturnandbecomealmostapublicserviceannouncement—anoddandunexpectedendingtoaconsistentlysurprisingcomedy.“Thisresearchfocusesonthewordsthisfilmcharactersused.ThePersonalTailorconsistsoflotsofChinesecultureelements,includingsomeidioms,ProverbsandChineseTwo-PartAllegoricalSaying.Theseelementsaredifficulttotranslate.Buttranslatorshavedoneagreatjobonthesecontentprocessing.Theynotonlymaketheaudiencesunderstandthefilmeasily,butalsoachievetheintentionofcross-culturecommunication.Theyletthetraditionalculturespreadtotheforeignaudiences,butthereareveryfewtranslationprocessingisundeserved,andthisisalsothedifficultyofsubtitletranslation... .3.1.2ABriefIntroductiononSubtitleSkoposofPersonalTailorSubtitlingisnotaseasyastheothertranslationkindstobetranslated.Inadditiontothelimitationsoftimeandspace,itcanbedeterminedbytheskoposofthetranslators.Beforedealingwithsubtitling,translatorsshouldcompletelyconsiderthebestwayoftranslation,whichcanbeinfluencedbyseveralaspects,suchastheintentionofthedirectors,theexpectationoftargetaudiencesandtheaestheticaspectofthelanguage.Inthispart，someintroductionaboutthethreeaffectingaspectswillbediscussed.AccordingtoSkoposTheories,everytranslationhasitspurpose.Onlyiftheacceptanceandappreciationachieved,thesubtitleisaproperone,nomatterwhatmethodsandskillsthetranslatorsusedinthisprocess.Firstthingwewanttotalkaboutistheintentionsofdirector.Directorsproducethefilmswithcertainintentions.TakingthePersonalTailorasanexample,thisfilmistalkingaboutthe“dream”,andin2014,themostpopulartopicis“Chinesedream”producedbyourChinesepresidentXi.Thefirstdreamisawomanwhowantstobeamartyr,thenadriverwhodrivefortheleaderwanttobeaincorruptibleleader.Thethirdpartistellingastoryaboutadirectorwhosefilmisalwaysvulgar,hefindthembecausehewanttobeartistic.Ascrub-womanwantsberich,thelastdreamisadreamofapology.Allthesefourdreamspresentthepopulartheme---Chinesedream.Theyareallrelatedtothelifeofthecommonpeople.Obviously,nomatterwhatyourdreamis,andwheneveryourdreamcomesture,therealthingoneconcernsisthefeelingofhappiness.Thedirectorswanttotellusthatevenifthedreamscometrue,apersonmaynotfeelhappy.Whentravelinganotherkindoflife,heorshemayfindhisorherdreamillogicality.Thisfilmisrealism;therealdreamisfullofhappinessandpleasure,withouttheshacklesofsoul,withinafreeandeasylife.Anexpectationofthetargetaudiencesisthesecondpartwearegoingtodiscuss.Generally,filmsandareproducedtoentertainacertaingroupofaudiences.Firstatall,beforeformingthefilm,thedirectorshouldknowaboutclearlythatwhatkindofaudienceshisfilmisfor.Thedirectoralsomustfocusontheappropriatevocabularyandsyntaxwhicharealsotakenintoconsiderationaccordingtotheeducationlevel,expectationsfromthetargetaudiences.Ifthefilmwereshowedforchildren,thesubtitlesshouldbeassimpleaspossible,fortheyareexpecttohavefunandhappytoview.Ifthefilmisfortheordinarypeople,thesubtitlesmaynotbetoosimpleanditalsocanbelessfunthanachildrenfilm,itshouldhave.. .thecharactersofpopularandeasytounderstand.Ifthefilmisfortheeducatedaudiences’sake,subtitlescanbecomplex.Therefore,theycanmeetlittleaudiences’expectations.And,differentaudienceshavedifferentexpectationstowardsthefilmsandsubtitles.Astranslators,oneneedstolearnaboutthetargetaudiences’tasteandexpectation.Inthesecondpart,thevulgardirectorwasseriously“ill”;theytookhimtoaKTVtocurehimbysomethingveryvulgar.Theygethimthreeescortinggirls.AndYangaskshimisthisvulgar?The“ill”directoranswerslikethis.Director：俗到家了。Translator：Yes,you’rehome.Theword“home”vividlysuggestedthatthisdirectoralwaysinpoortaste.Thissentencehasnowordaboutgaudy,butittranslateslikethis,foreignaudiencescanunderstandwhatYangmeans,thesubtitlesgraspthetasteoftargetaudience,soitcanbetranslatedappropriately,anditdoesnotbreakhumor.Thethirdparttalksabouttheaestheticaspectofthelanguage.Language,aspeople’swayofcommunication,thelanguagecanbeflexibleanddiversified.Itcanbesimpleorcomplicated,brieforlengthy,elegantorplain,poeticorproseandsoon.Iftheoriginallanguagesinthefilmareelegant,thesubtitlesshouldavoidbeingvulgar,viceversa.Iftheoriginallanguageinthefilmiscommonandpopular,thesubtitleshouldavoidbeingcomplex,biggrace.Subtitletranslatorshouldtrythebesttoconveythestylisticfeaturesofthesourcetext.Thisexampleischosenfromthefirstscene,awomanwantstobeamartyr,shefindthemandwantthemhelpherachievethedream.Yangactsasacolonel;he“catches”thewomanandputherintotheprison.Andfinallytheywanttoendthestoryassoonaspossible,sotheybringthe“martyr”cometoseecolonelwhowantstopersuadehertosurrender,butthewomansaysthistothecolonel.Woman:我要宁死不屈Translator:Deathbeforehonor.ThissentenceisfullofChineseelement;subtitletranslatorshouldconsiderthewesternaudience’tasteandwhethertheycanfullyunderstandChineseidiom.Whethertheforeignaudiencedonotknowwhatis“宁死不屈”byliteraltranslation... .ChapterIVMethodsinSubtitleTranslationofthePersonalTailor4.1OmissionOmissionconsistsofcondensation,meaningremovingtheunnecessarywordsinthetranslatedversionbasedonanaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginaltextwithaviewtomakingthetranslationidiomaticandexpressive.Namely,byreductionwemeanweproperlyomitsomewordsorexpressioninordertomakethetranslatedversionbrief,concise,clear.Asmentioned,thiskindofreductionismeasurable.Lomheimsuggeststhat“asimplebutnotentirelysatisfactorymeansofdoingsoisbycountingthewordsinthedialogueandcomparingthisfigurewiththenumberofthewordsinsubtitles(Lomheim.1999:191)”.Gottliebdistinguishesbetweendifferenttypesoftextreduction,namelycondensation,decimationanddeletionandfurthersaysthatthesestrategiesarenotdistinctcategoriesandusuallyappearincombination.Gottliebalsothinksthatreductionisamethodtosimplifythetextwithintheminimizingofthelossoftheoriginaltext.Socankeeptheprimitivemeaningandthestyleofthefilm.Subtitleisawaytoturnthespokenlanguageintoawrittenprocess,inthisprocesscanbedeletesomeunnecessarywordsinordertomakethelanguagemorecoherence.Inthesubtitletranslation,strategyofreductionisnotonlyreflectinginasentencelevel,maybesometimesseveralChinesesentencescanbetranslatedintooneEnglishsentence.SubtitleTranslationisalsocalled“thereductiveofformoftranslation”or“constrainedtranslation”(LiYunxing.2001:39).Thebasicstrategyoffilmsubtitletranslationisdeduction.Itcontainsthreemainlymethods,respectivelycondensation,reductiveparaphrasinganddeletionarefrequentlyusedinfilmsubtitletranslation(MaZhengqi.2005:201).Asshowninthefollowingexamples.Condensationmeansthatsubtitletranslatorsshouldsimplifytheunnecessarywords,inordertomaketheversionbesimplerandconveytheimportmessagecorrectly.Itrequestthatusetheeasiestlanguagetoexpressthemeaningsoftheoriginaltext.Thefollowingexamplescangiveaproveofthis.Inthissection,alittleofficewhoalwayshavenorightsandhecannotgiveorderbyhimself.Sohewantstobestrongerandmorepowerful.Thecompanymakesasceneinagirl’sadultceremony.Ittellsthatthegirl’sfatherisveryrichandthey.. .havesomeillegalbusiness,sothe“officerleader”comeshereandgiveshimawarningandarresthim.Policeofficer：就你们，有一个算一个Translator：Allofyou!Inthisdialogue,apersonsaysthattwopartsandthesubtitletranslatorstranslatedintoonesentence.Though,thewordsoftheoriginalsentencearereduced,thetonecanbestronglyexpressedandthemeaningispassedonthetargetaudienceaccurately.Ifthesubtitletranslatortranslateditastheoriginaltext,itmustbeverbose.Reductiveparaphrasingrefersthatsubtitletranslatorsneedtousethebriefwordstranslatedtheoriginaltext’soriginalmeaning.Anotherexampleisgiven.Thedirectorwas“reblood”withaordinarypeople(WangAqiang).Hehasbeagracefulpeoplenow,Yangandhisteamvisitthedirectoragain,theyshockedbythe“artist”madebythe“gracefuldirector”.Inthisfilm,“云里雾里”isafour-characterphrasedescribedtothecottonartist.SoXiaolusaysasentence.Xiaolu:云里雾里Translator：InafogThesubtitletranslatorusesoneword”fog”toexpressoftheoriginalmeaning.Thiswordcontainstwomeanings,oneisfog,andtheotheriscloud.Thetranslatoruseonebriefwordtoconveythetwomeaningssaidintheoriginaldialogue.Deletionisoneofthestrategies.Thesubtitletranslatorcannottranslateallthemessagestheoriginaltextgives,especiallytheinformationwhichhasnoinfluencetothetargetlanguageaudience.Theywilldoadeletionofthesourcefilmtext,discardthedrossandselectthefinerpart.Inthelastpart,MaQingmeetshisbenefactor,hewanttogiveherarepaybymakingheradream.TheyhavemetunderthebridgewhichMaQingjumpdownintwosmallboats.XiaoBaisaystoMrs.SongaskingherwhethershestillrememberMaQing.XiaoBai：您看看，您还认识他吗？Translator:Doyourememberthisman?Thissentenceomitthe“您看看”,eventhoughitwasdeleted,itdoesnothaveanyeffecttothetargetaudiencetounderstandthefilmanymore.Thelateronecanconveythecompetemeaningsofthedialogue... .4.2LiteralTranslationTherearetwokindsoftranslationapproaches:oneistheliteraltranslationandtheotheristhefreetranslation.Twoapproachesaretotallydifferentfromeachother.Literaltranslationisthatwhentranslating,weshouldkeeptheoriginallanguageform,includingform,sentencestructure,andmetaphorandsoon.Atthesametime,thetranslationmustbeeasyandsmooth.Ithasseveraladvantages,forexample,itcanconveytheoriginalmeaningsofthetext,anditcankeeptheexpressionoftheoriginallanguage.Anditalsomakestheoriginalwordsandauthorsasacore.Themostimportthingisthatitcanmaintainthefigureofspeech,suchasmetaphor.Thus,theliteraltranslationinthisfilmisoftentosee,itcanfullyshowourChinesestyle.Thereissomesentenceswhichcontainsthisstrategychosenfromthedifferentparts.Director:：你们是救命的药啊！Translator:Youaremymedicine！MaQing：牛啊，牛掰啊Translator:Cool!Awesome4.3FreeTranslationFreetranslationisbasisontheirmeanings,itonlytoexpresstheiroriginalmeanings,andneglectsoftheirdetails.Andthefreetranslationalsoneedstobeeasyandsmooth,freetranslationoverlookstheoriginalformsofthesourcetexts,suchasitssentencestructureandlanguageforms.Fromtheperspectiveofcross-culturalcommunication,asaresultofhugedifferencesChineseandforeignaudience’sknowledgeandculturalbackground.Filmsubtitletranslatorshouldhelptheaudiencetounderstandthehistoryandcultureofanationandthephenomenonwhichiscloselyrelatedtothat.Includingthedistinctivecultureandhabitsoftheorallanguage.Ifthesubtitletranslatortranslatesthesewordsout,itmustbeverytediousandcomplicated,andatthesametime,itmustbedifficultforthetargetaudiencetofullylearnaboutthefilm.Suchasthecontinuestoryofvulgardirector,theytriestofindaexternalwaytohelphimgetoffvulgar.SotheydeclarethattheyhavefoundtheoffspringofBoYa(afamousmusicianinQin).WhenMaQingintroducesthisperson,hesaysthefollowingsentence.MaQing：时光荏苒，白云苍狗。Translator:Intime,theoldscoreswereforgottenInChinese,“时光荏苒”and“白云苍狗”botharethefour-characterwords,means.. .thatthetimegoesfast,ortimefliesfast.Ifthetranslatortranslatesitdirectlyorexplainstotheaudienceatthebottomofthescreen,maythesentencebeverylong,theaudiencecannotfullyunderstandit.Because,thesubtitletranslationislimitedbytimeandspace,sothetranslatorsusethestrategyoffreetranslationtoconveythefullmeaningswhichtheactorwantstoexpress.4.4RewritingThetermrewritingwasfirstproposedbyAndreLefevere,whoisacontemporaryAmericantranslationtheorist.Lefeverehaddefinedthethreefactorsoftranslation,whilehepointoutthattranslationisrewritingoftheoriginaltext.Itcannotreflecttheessenceoftheoriginaldialogue.Eachlanguagealwayshaveitsownabstractwords,whichareonlybeunderstoodaccordingtocontext,soitisnecessarytorewritingunderdifferentsituationproperly.Nowthatthetranslationisakindofrewriting,thereisnoabsolutelyequivalence.Becausethesubtitletranslatortendstoacceptorrejectacertainideologyandpoetic.Intheprocessoftranslationversion,thesubtitletranslatorwillrewritethesourcetexttoconformordonotconformtotheoriginalideologyandpoeticatthattimeaccordingtohisorherposition.Andthetargetaudienceisalsoinfluencedbyideologyandpoeticoftheirsociety,theycanchooseacceptorrejecttoo.Actuallytosay,subtitlesshouldholdthecoreofafilmsoastogivetheviewersacoherentunderstandingfromonescenetoanotherunderthetimeandspacelimitation.Therefore,longandcomplicatedsentencesorrepeatshavetoberewritetosomeconciseandcompactonesforensuringadequatetimeforimagereading.Alsointhegirl’sadult’sceremony,theICACofficercomesinandwarningher“father”(Yangpretends),andlotsofpeoplewhoareattendingtheparty.Buttherich“father”wantstosolvetheproblembymoneyorsomethingveryvaluable.Sohewhisperstotheofficer.Yang:日后必有重谢Translator:Iwillfindawaytothankyou.“日后必有重谢”isoftensaidinChina,itmeanstogivemeaconvenience,thenIwillrepayyouformoneyorsomethingvaluables.Butconsiderofthedifferentbackgroundandculture,foreignaudiencecannotfullycomprehendwhatitismeanof“thank”.Thesubtitletranslatortranslatesitwiththemethodofrewritingsotheaudiencecanunderstandthe.. .sentence.ThisexamplecomesfromtheMrs.DanandMaQing.HeexpresshisthanklesstoMrs.Dan,andshereplays.Mrs.Dan:不用谢！好好工作，不偷不抢就算谢了Translator:There’snodebt!Liveagood,honestlife.That’sthanksenough.InChina,“不偷不抢”meansthatapersonneedstoworkhardtoliveabetterlife,beagoodperson.Ifittranslatedinto“nosteal,norob”,targetaudiencecannotunderstandwhatdoesitmeanandtheycannotconnectthetwothingssaidabove.Sothesubtitletranslatortranslateitintothisbyparaphrasing,itcanconveythemeaningstotheaudienceaccurately.Thenextexampleisalsoaboutthedirector,whostillneedstofindawaytocurehisvulgar.HecomesintoatempletoaskaTaoistpriest（Yangpretends）,theTaoistpriestaskswhythedirectorcometohisplace.Yang:凡夫此来，意欲何求？Translator：Doyouseekblessingorenlightenment?WhatMr.YangsaysisanancientChineseprose.Foreignaudiencemustnotgetacrossitcompletelyifthesubtitletranslatortranslatesitastheoriginalstyle.“凡夫此来，意欲何求”，sothetranslatorusesthemethodsofrewritingtoexplaintheoldChineseproseinbriefandsimplewords.4.5ReductionReductionmeansthatawayorremovingtheunnecessarywordsinthetranslatedversionbasedonanaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginaltextwithaviewtomakingthetranslationidiomaticandexpressive.Namely,byreductionwemeanweproperlyomitsomewordsorexpressioninordertomakethetranslatedversionbrief,concise,clear.Asmentioned,thiskindofreductionismeasurable.Lomheimsuggeststhat,”asimplebutnotentirelysatisfactorymeansofdoingsoisbycountingthewordsinthedialogueandcomparingthisfigurewiththenumberofthewordsinsubtitles(Lomheim1999:191)”.Gottliebdistinguishesbetweendifferenttypesoftextreduction,namelycondensation,decimationanddeletionandfurthersaysthatthesestrategiesarenotdistinctcategoriesandusuallyappearincombination.Gottliebalsothinksthatreductionisamethodtosimplifythetextwithintheminimizingof.. .thelossoftheoriginaltext.Socankeeptheprimitivemeaningandthestyleofthefilm.Subtitleisawaytoturnthespokenlanguageintoawrittenprocess,inthisprocesscanbedeletesomeunnecessarywordsinordertomakethelanguagemorecoherence.Inthesubtitletranslation,reductionisnotonlyreflectinginasentencelevel,maybesometimesseveralChinesesentencescanbetranslatedintooneEnglishsentence.SubtitleTranslationisalsocalled“thereductiveofformoftranslation”or“constrainedtranslation”(LiYunxing,2001:39).Thebasicstrategyoffilmsubtitletranslationisdeduction.Itcontainsthreemainlymethods,respectivelycondensation,reductiveparaphrasinganddeletionarefrequentlyusedinfilmsubtitletranslation(MaZhengqi,2005:201).Asshowninthefollowingexamples.Thesetwosentencescomefromtwostories,thefirstsentenceisinthedirector’spart,theyarewatchingaperformancegivenbythedirectorwhohasfinishedchangebloodwithWangAqiang.Hepresentashowactuallyitisafluffingcottonfiller.Theylaughatthis,andthenMaQingstoppedtheirgossiping.MaQing：你们能不能尊重一点艺术？Translator:Showsomerespectforart.Thefirstsentenceomits“你们”anduseaimperativesentencedirectlyinsteadofarhetoricalquestiontoconveytheinformation.Itcanbemoresimplifyandthetoneismoreintense.Thesecondsentenceissaidbytheofficerwhobreaksintothepartyandpointtoeverybodyhere.Hesayslikethis.B：就你们，有一个算一个S：Allofyou!Thesecondsentenceellipsis“有一个算一个”,itwastranslatedonlyinonesentence,morebriefly,anditcanbeconveyedcompletelyin“allofyou”... .ChapterVConclusion5.1OverviewofmystudyThispaperaimsatsubtitletranslationfromtheperspectiveofSkoposTheoriesbypresentingacasestudyoftheEnglishsubtitlingofthefilmPersonalTailor.Accordingtothetheoryoftranslationalaction,subtitlingisaninterpersonalactionaswellasaninterculturalaction.Inthisfilm,ittalksabouttheSkoposTheoryandthethreerulesoftheSkopostheory.ThethreerulesofSkoposTheoriesareSkoposRules,coherenceruleandfidelityrule.Firstly,thereisaclearaimofsubtitletranslation,whichishopingtomaketheaudiencesbetterunderstandtheplotandunderstandtheneededinformationofthefilm.Also,atthesametime,itisconvenientforthosetargetaudiencestolearnChineseandnewknowledge.Thatisjusttheskoposofsubtitletranslation.ThethreerulesofSkoposTheoriesareinharmonywiththeanalysisofthesubtitletranslation.UndoubtedlySkoposTheoriescanbetterguidesubtitletranslation.5.2SignificationofmystudyThisthesisfocusesonananalysisofChinese-EnglishsubtitletranslationofChinesefilmintheperspectiveofSkoposTheories,whichaimstodigoutsomecommontranslationmethodstoguidethetranslationpractice.Firstly,thisstudycandoahelptothedevelopmentoftranslationstudiesandfurtherpeople’srealizationoftheessenceoftranslation.Secondly,itwillhelptodeepenthenewexplorationofthewholetranslationprocess.What’smore,SkoposTheoriesdefinetranslationas“acomplexactiondesignedtoachieveaparticularpurpose”(Nord,2001:13).Itfocusesmainlyonthepurposeofthetranslation,whichdeterminesthetranslationprincipleandmethodsthatareusedinordertoproduceafunctionallyadequateresult.Asthesubtitletranslationiscomparativelyanewfiled.5.3LimitationofmystudyThispaperfocusononefilmtodiscussthestrategiesofSkoposTheories.InlotsofChinesefilms,onecannotstandforall.ThisthesisdoesnotdoadeepresearchoftheotherChinesefilms.AndthemethodsofsubtitletranslationcannotbeanalyzedcomprehensivelyDifferentscholarshavedifferentviewsoftranslation.Inthispaper,itbasedonthetheoretical.. .argumenttoproposethetranslationstrategiesofsubtitletranslation.However,therewillhavedifficultiesinpracticaloperation.Besides,becauseofthelimitedknowledgeoftheauthor,thediscussionofthethesisislimitedinthedepthandwidth.Someexamplesmaybenotconvincingenough.Anditmustbemixedwithpersonaltasteormotion,theversionofthisfilm’stranslationmaybenotfavoredbyotherscholars.Therefore,therearestilllongwaytogoonthisfield.5.4SuggestionsoffuturestudyTherearesomelimitationsexistinginthethesismentionedabove,thustherearesuggestionsforfurtherstudy.ThisthesisonlytalkaboutthemethodsofChinese-Englishsubtitletranslation,andEnglish-Chinesesubtitletranslationisalsoinitsstronggrowth.Thestudyinthisfieldwillgivehelptotheprosperityandspreadofaudiovisualproducts.ThesubtitletranslatorsinChinashouldexpandthehorizons.Alsothelatestresearchresultsshouldbestudies.Onthebasisoftheories,wecandevelopthecareerofsubtitletranslationinapracticalway.Widetheinfluenceofdomesticsubtitletranslationisnecessary.Inshort,thestudyofdomesticsubtitletranslationhasalongwaytogo... 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