英语翻译技巧第11节重复法

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第十一节重复法重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；但有时为了明确、强调或生动，也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。一．为了明确（一）重复名词1.重复英语中作宾语的名词1）Thenextitemontheagendaistorevisesafetyandsanitaryregulations.2）Ihadexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble.3）Theybegantostudyandanalyzethesituationoftheenemy.4）IhadlivedinChinamanyyearsandsawChinaincivilwarin1925-27,andlaterinwarwithJapan.1)议程的下一项目是修订安全规则和卫生规则。2)我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。3)他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。4)我曾在中国生活多年。我看到了1925年至1927年正在内战的中国，后来又看到了同日本作战的中国。2.重复英语中作表语的名词1）Hebecameanoilmillionaire----allbyhimself.2）Thishasbeenourposition---butnottheirs.3）Carolisyourfriendasmuchassheismine.4）IntheSovietUniontherehadbeennoradio,TV,orpressmentionofeitherAbel’sarrestorconviction.1)他成为一个石油大王-----一个白手起家的石油大王。2)这一直是我们的立场-----而不是他们的立场。3)卡罗既是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。4)对于艾贝尔的被俘或判刑，苏联既没有电台广播，也没有上电视节目，在报刊上也没有发表。作业：1.Weshouldlearnhowtoanalyzeandsolveproblems.2.Itisourdutytorebuildanddefendourhomeland.3.Agoodfilmservestoeducateandinspirethepeople.4.Itwashewhofirstrepudiatedandbreachedtheunderstanding.5.Theywouldbeveryreluctanttopostponeorcancelthemeeting.3.重复英语介词短语前所省略的名词1)Thedoctorwillgetmorepracticeoutofmethanoutofseventeenordinarypatients.2)ThestoryofJurgisisastoryofgroansandtears,ofpoorblackpeopledestroyedbywhitecolonialists.3)Wesee,therefore,howthemodernbourgeoisieisitselftheproductofalongcourseofdevelopment,ofaseriesofrevolutionsinthemodesofproductionandofexchange.1)医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从十七个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。2)尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事 ，是白人殖民主义者摧残不幸的黑人的故事。1)由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。作业：1.Wecaughtaglimpseoftheleadinghorsesandofahorsemanvanishingthroughtherain.2.Theprisonersoftengotintoargumentwitheachotherorwiththeguards.3.Ignoranceisthemotheroffearaswellasofadmiration.4.Theuseofpoisongasisaclearviolationofinternationallaw---inparticularoftheGenevaConvention.5.Hebrokeallconnectionswithhispast,andwiththeoldsocietyineveryway.1.重复英语中作先行词的名词1)MayIextendmyheartiestcongratulationstothegreatChinesepeopleanditsCommunistParty,throughyou,fortheglowingsuccessofconstructingyourcountry,whichisnowinspiringtheworld.2)Theyhavestageddemonstrationsandsit-insanddistributedpetitionswhichinevitablyfindtheirwaytoforeigncorrespondentspostedinNewYork.3)Thelittleapprenticeinparticularlivedinterroroftheboss,whohadbornedownonhimsooftenandsohardthattherewaslittleleft.4)ThePresidentannounced,withobviousrelish,thathisplanetookofffrom“Shangri-la”,afairylandintheHimalayas.5)Allofthesearrangementswereapreludetotheball,thehostess’ultimatepurpose.6)Watercanbedecomposedbyenergy,acurrentofelectricity.1）让我，通过您，表达我对伟大的中国人民和中国共产党的最衷心祝贺！祝贺你们建设国家的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。2）他们举行了游行示威和静坐，散发了请愿书，而这些请愿书必定会传到驻纽约的外国记者手中。3）小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他，而且整得很重，简直把他整惨了。4）这位总统洋洋得意地宣称，他的飞机是从“香格里拉”起飞的，而“香格里拉”是喜马拉雅山中的一个仙境。5）所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终目的。6）水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。（一）重复动词1.英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。1）Isheafriendoranenemy?2）Theblowhurtnotonlyhishandsbuthisshouldertoo.3）Foragoodtenminutes,Mothercursedmeandmybrother.4）ChairmanMaoisanactivist,aprimemover,anoriginatorandmasterofstrategyachievedbyalternatingsurprise,tensionandeasement.(EdgarSnow)5）Theycoveredthe19thcenturyforeigninterventioninChina,theRedArmy’sLongMarchinthemid-1930s,theFrenchandAmericanrevolutions. 1)他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？2)这一击不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。3)足足有十分钟之久，妈妈既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。4)毛主席是一位活动家，是原动力，是创始者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张和松弛而取得成就的战略大师。5)他们谈到十九世纪外国对中国的干涉，谈到红军在三十年代中期的长征，还谈到法国革命和美国革命。1.英语句子中动词后有介词时，第二次第三次往往只用介词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词。1）Approachinggraduation,myroommatesandItalkedofourselves,ofourprospects,ofthejourney,oftheweather,ofbooks----ofeverything.2）Onenight,hehadanicesleep,nolongerdreamedofstorms,norofgreatoccurrences,norofgreatsharks,norfight.3）Hesuppliedhisnovelsnotonlywithbiographiesofcharacters,butwiththeirportraits.4）Buthiswifekeptdinninginhisearsabouthisidleness,hiscarelessness,andtheruinhewasbringingonhisfamily.5）TheywantedtodetermineifhecompliedwiththetermsofhisemploymentandhisobligationsasanAmerican.1)临近毕业，我和室友们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到书籍，-----谈到一切。2)一夜，他睡得很香，不再梦见风暴，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鲨鱼和搏斗。3)他不仅在他的小说中提供人物传记，而且还提供人物画像。4)可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说一家人都要毁在他身上。5)他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。作业：1.Doingmathexercisesrequirescareand,fordifficultproblems,greatexperience.2.Theywerestartingfromscratchandneededmen,guns,training.3.Theministerspokeoftheriseofcharityandpopulareducation,andparticularlyofthespreadofwork.4.Justasgrammardealswiththestructureoflanguage,EnglishgrammardealswiththestructureofEnglish,FrenchgrammarwiththestructureofFrench,etc.5.Theyhadpreparedforthiscampaignascarefullyastheyhadforlargerones.6.Hewantedtosendthemmoreaid,moreweaponsandafewmoremen.（一）重复代词1.英语中用代词的地方，翻译时可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。1）Jesseopenedhiseyes.Theywerefilledwithtears.2）InChina,they“mademistakes”,sufferedbythem,acknowledgedandstudiedthem,thusplannedvictory.3）Heacceptedfailure;hehadconquereditallhislife,andrisenaboveit. 1）Hischangewasthatofakeymaninthekeypost---somethingthatsymbolizedthegradualtransformationoftheotherparticipants.1)杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。2)在中国，他们“犯过错误”，吃过错误的亏，承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利的方针。3)他接受失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败。4)他的转变是一个把守重要关口的关键人物的转变，他的转变象征着其他参与者也在逐渐转变。1.英语中用物主代词its,his,their时，翻译时可以用名词，以达到明确具体的目的。1）Happyfamiliesalsohadtheirowntroubles.2）Bigpowershavetheirstrategieswhilesmallcountriesalsohavetheirownlines.3）Eachcountryhasitsowncustoms.1)幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。2)强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线。3)各国有各国的风俗。3英语中强势关系代词或副词whoever,whenever,wherever等，翻译时往往用重复法。1)Whoeverviolatesthetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.2)Whereversevereoppressionexisted,therewouldberevolution.3)Cometomyofficeandhaveatalkwithmewheneveryouarefree.4)Youmayborrowwhichevernovelinmybookcaseyoulikebest.1)谁违反了交通规则，谁就应该受到惩罚。2)哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命。3)你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。4)我书架上的小说你最喜爱哪一本，你就可以借哪一本。作业：1.Ignoringaproblemdoesnotsolveit.2.Smithseemedillateasewithpower,whileBallsoughtit.3.Butthereareclues,andtheyseemtoconfirmmyearliersuspicion.4.Bigfamilieshadtheirowndifficulties.5.Eachpersonhadhisownbusinesstohandle.6.Whoeverworkshardwillberespected.其它：1.Tohim,thebirdssang,thesquirrelchatteredandtheflowersbloomed.2.Hewasproficientbothasaflyerandasanavigator.1)鸟儿向他歌唱，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿也为他开放。2)他既精于飞行，又善于导航。二、为了强调为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键词，翻译时也可重复。（一）用同样的汉语词重复（二）用汉语的同义词、近义词重复 （一）用同样的汉语词重复1）Eyeforeye,toothfortooth.2）Outofsight,outofmind.3）Bloodmustatoneforblood.4）Hewanderedaboutinthechillrain,thinkingandthinking,broodingandbrooding.5）Gentlemenmaycrypeace,peace---butthereisnopeace.6）Obviousamongthemostobviousbooksuponthemostobviousshelfwereseriesofsplendidlyboundvolumesentitled“Luxun’sWorks.”7）Theyhadtostandoutofthehospital,watchingmegoin,comeout,comeout,goin.8)Hedemandedtotalloyalty,notloyaltyinthetraditionalsense,notordinaryloyalty,buttotalloyalty,notjusttoofficeorparty,orconcept,butloyaltyfirstandforemosttoLyndonJohnson.1)以眼还眼，以牙还牙。2)眼不见，心不烦。3)血债要用血来还。4)他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。5)先生们可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。6)在那个最显眼的书架上最显眼的书籍中显眼的几卷就是精装的名叫《鲁迅全集》的一套书。7)他们站在医院外面，看我进去出来，出来进去。8)他要求的是绝对忠诚，不是传统意义的忠诚，也不是一般的忠诚，而是绝对的忠诚，不只是对职务、政党或观念的忠诚，而是首先对林登•约翰逊的忠诚。作业：1.Itisimpossibletoliveinsocietyandbeindependentofsociety.2.Thistownisasmalltown,lookingmuchlikeothertownsofitssize,butfewtownsenjoysomanynaturaladvantages.3.Ifoncemoralityislost,allislost.4.Yearafteryearandcenturyaftercenturythemoongoesthroughitscycles.(二)用汉语的同义词、近义词重复1.Theyoftenreadandre-readthesecretnotes.2.IknowyouhatemeandIhateyou,wehadbetterpartrightnow.3.Everychangeofseason,everychangeofweather,everyhourofthedayproducessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapeofthesemountains;andtheyareregardedbyallgoodwives,farandnear,asperfectbarometers.1.他们常常一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密信。2.我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱们最好马上就分手吧。3.季节的每一更迭，气候的每一转变，乃至一天中的每一小时，都给这些山峦的奇幻色彩和形态带来变化，远近的主妇们都把这些改变看作是准确的晴雨表。作业：1.Easycome,easygo. 2.Nopains,nogains.3.DuringtheirstayinBeijing,theyvisitedsomeoldfriendsoftheirs,visitedBeijingUniversityandvisitedtheGreatWall.4.Beforemarriageshelovedgivingorderstoherboyfriend,butaftermarriage,helovedgivingorderstoher.5.Heateupeverythingathome.6.Theymightverywellbepreparinganattackagainstthecountry,hencetheyarebuildingupnotonlysizeabletroops,butalotofmissiles,planes,andtanksalongtheborderofthecountry.三．为了生动（一）运用两个四字词组，使文字生动活泼，有节奏感1.Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.2.ThestreetswereoverrunbyHitler’sbullies.3.Theyestablishedtargetprioritiesatthatmeeting..1.但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。2.那时希特勒的暴徒在街上横行霸道，无恶不作。3.他们在那个会议上决定了目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后。作业：1.Heshowedhimselfcalminanyemergencysituation.2.Thequestionswereevidentlyunexpectedtotheslow-wittedspokesman,whoinstantlyfoundhimselftongue-tied.3.Withmylasthopefrustrated,Islippedintoadeepdepression.（二）运用词的重迭1.Ihadbeencompletelyhonestinmyreplies,withholdingnothing.2.Hischildren,too,wereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.3.Onlyaveryslightandveryscatteringripplesofhalf-heartedhand-clappinggreetedhim.4.Withhistardiness,carelessnessandappallinggoodhumor,weweresoreperplexed.1.我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言无隐。2.他的孩子们，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。3.欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落、冷冷谈谈的掌声。4.他老是磨磨蹭蹭、马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。作业：1.Thetoastswereflat.2.Iwasn’tevasiveinmyreply.3.Aslantingsunlightdappledthegrass.4.Thefarmbuildingsandthewheel-housewerealldimandbluish.（三）运用四字对偶词组Greatcontributions丰功伟绩Gratitude感恩戴德Ingratitude忘恩负义Prosperity繁荣昌盛Eternalgloryto永垂不朽Vivid生动活泼 Hesitate彷徨犹豫Arrogance骄傲自大Grotesque奇形怪状Careless粗心大意Inchaos乱七八糟Streetgossip街谈巷议Rumours流言蜚语1.Iwasadmittedlyshy.2.ItwasabrightSeptemberafternoon,andthestreetsofNewYorkwerebrilliantwithmovingmen.3.Whateverinitialworrieswehadabouttheplanesoonvanished.4.Ifthiswasatimeoftriumphforthemany,itwasapainfulperiodforthefew.5.Hesatthereandwatchedthem,sochangelesslychanging,sobrightanddark,sograveandgay.1.我是以腼腆胆怯著称的。2.这是九月的一个晴朗的下午，纽约的大街上，人来人往，五光十色。3.不管开始时我们对这架飞机有什么不放心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了。4.多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。5.他坐在那儿注视着，觉得眼前的景象，既是始终如一，又是变化多端，既是光彩夺目，又是朦胧黑暗，既是庄严肃穆，又是轻松愉快。作业：1.Thetrial,inhisopinion,wasabsolutelyfair.2.Sheisanawfulfoolofawoman.3.Shetoldherfriendofherfancy.4.Atthattime,shewastheonlyfemalescientistthere.